Tuesday, March 11, 2025

15.06.25: topic; ships [2]; Comenius LXXXVIII; ships; a Galley (2)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_navy

https://www.roman-britain.co.uk/military/the-structure-and-soldiers-of-the-roman-army/the-roman-navy/

Going into detail regarding the types, dimensions, capacity and speed of Ancient Roman ships is time-consuming and, depending on sources, inconsistent. Comenius uses the term unirēmis: the English nouns unireme, monoreme (from Greek) refer to galleys with one bank of oars but the term unirēmis itself is not attested, although it makes sense since the following are attested:

birēmis, -is [3/f]: bireme, a ship having two banks of oars

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bireme

trirēmis, -is [3/f]; trireme; Caesar refers to: nāvēs trirēmēs i.e. ships having three banks of oars

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trireme

quadrirēmis [3/f]: quadrireme, a ship having four banks of oars

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellenistic-era_warships#Quadrireme

And there were bigger ships than that: just change the beginning to identify how many banks of oars a ship had!

[1] In his description of the events surrounding the eruption of Mount Vesuvius, Pliny the Younger refers to his uncle (Pliny the Elder) who, out of academic interest, prepares of a boat in order to sail across to the location of the volcano:

Iubet liburnicam aptārī │ He orders a “Liburnian” to be prepared

liburna, -ae [1/f]: a Liburnian was a type of light and fast ship, two banks of oars (biremes) on each side.

However, upon receipt of a letter (this incident is, in my view, highly questionable) from Rectina, an inhabitant who is unable to escape by land, Pliny the Elder decides to “upgrade” to a bigger boat, his role in the narrative “evolving” from mere academic interest to that of a rescuer i.e. the bigger the problem, the bigger the boat, and the “bigger” the man.

We’ll look at these letters in more detail in later posts, but note how, in one short passage, Pliny significantly enhances his uncle’s involvement portraying him as a decisive and heroic leader.

[i] Vertit ille cōnsilium et [ii] quod studiōsō animō incohāverat obit maximō. [iii] Dēdūcit quadrirēmēs, [iv] ascendit ipse [v] nōn Rectīnae modō ¦ sed multīs (erat enim frequēns amoenitās ōrae) lātūrus auxilium.

[i] He changes his plan, and [ii] that which he had begun with an attitude of study he takes on with a spirit of courage. [iii] He draws out quadriremes; [iv] he himself boards, [v] ready to bring assistance not only to Rectina, but to many (for the pleasantness of that shore was crowded).

[2] And you didn’t need to see these ships in battles and rescue missions; you could go and watch a naval show; Suetonius is referring to a naumachia, -ae [1/f], the artificial recreation of a sea battle:

nāvālī proeliō in minōre Cōdētā dēfossō lacū birēmēs ac trirēmēs quadrirēmēsque Tyriae et Aegyptiae classis magnō pugnātōrum numerō cōnflīxērunt. 

nāvālis, -e: naval; proelium, -ī [2/n] nāvāle: naval battle

A lake having been dug in the little Codeta, ships of the Tyrian and Egyptian fleets, containing two, three, and four banks of oars, with a number of men on board, afforded an animated representation of a sea-fight. 

image #1: Phoenician warship with two rows of oars (Nineveh, ca. 700 BC)

image #2: Liburnians of the Danube fleet during Trajan’s Dacian Wars (Bas Relief from Trajan’s column, 118 AD)

image #3: Athenian trireme (c.410BC)


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