Carolus et Maria X
Nox nōn est. Lūna
et stellae nōn videntur. Obscūrae sunt. Vesper est. Cum vesper
est, agricolae ex agrīs ad casās properant. Fēminae in casīs cēnam parant.
Discipulī in viīs ad casās properant cum est vesper.
In casā Iūliae
Carolus vidētur quod iānua est aperta. Ibi Carolus stat et
discipulōs exspectat. Hodiē miser nōn est. Laetus est. Hodiē in casā est
sed nōn est aeger. Herī medicus erat in casā et puerō medicīnam
dabat. Herī puer erat aeger. Cum puerī sunt aegrī, nōn sunt impigrī.
Hodiē Carolus nōn est aeger et miser. Impiger est. Legere et scrībere cupit,
sed ad scholam nōn ambulat quod via est longa. Hodiē nōn est sōlus. Carolus cum
mātre rosās cūrat. Nunc est vesper. Puer in casā stat et sorōrem et
discipulōs exspectat. Maria est tarda quod cum amīcā, Helenā, ad aquam ambulat.
Maria epistulam magistrae portat et Carolus hanc epistulam exspectat.
Herī medicus puerō
pecūniam dedit. Nunc puer pecūniam habet. Cūr medicus pecūniam dedit?
Haec est causa: medicīna puerō nōn erat grāta, et medicīnam habēre nōn cupiēbat.
Medicus puerum esse aegrum vidēbat et puerum medicīnam habēre cupiēbat.
Puerō pecūniam dedit et puer erat bonus. Pecūnia nōn erat magna. Puer medicō
grātiās agēbat.
Nunc Carolus in
casā stat. Discipulōs exspectat et laetus est.
Vocabulary
[1]
medicīna: medicine
impiger, impigra,
impigrum: active; energetic
hodiē: today
vesper: evening
herī: yesterday
[2]
cum
[i] preposition +
ablative case: (togther) with
Cum amīcā … ambulat │ She’s walking with a friend
[ii] conjunction:
when(ever)
Cum vesper est, agricolae ex agrīs … properant.
│ When(ever) it is evening,
the farmers hurry from the fields
[3]
stō: I stand
Puer in casā stat
│ The boy is standing in the cottage
Note: this text
introduces some verb forms which are discussed in far greater depth in other
posts; if you are at the beginners’ stage, then simply be aware of them. We’ll
look at them again in the review sections.
(1) Passive forms:
videt: he / she
sees
In casā … Carolus
vidētur │ Carolus is seen in the cottage [= Carolus can be seen]
vident: they see
Lūna et stellae
nōn videntur │ the moon and the stars are not seen [ = cannot be
seen]
(2) Past tense
forms:
[i] imperfect
tense
Hodiē in casā est
│ He is in the cottage today
Herī medicus erat
in casā │ Yesterday
the doctor was in the cottage
Puerō medicīnam dabat
│ He gave (was giving) medicine to
the boy
Medicīnam habēre nōn
cupiēbat │ He didn’t want to have the medicine
Medicus puerum esse
aegrum vidēbat │ Literally: The doctor was seeing
the boy to be ill = The doctor saw / could see that the
boy was ill
Puer medicō grātiās
agēbat │ Literally: The boy was thanking the
doctor = The boy was thankful to the doctor
[ii] perfect tense
Puerō pecūniam dedit
│ He gave money to the boy
Cūr medicus
pecūniam dedit? │ Why did the doctor give
money / Why has the doctor given money?
Notes
The images show
the endings of 2nd declension masculine nouns in the singular and
plural
[1] Singular
most 2nd
declension nouns end in -us, but a few end in –(e)r
Nominative
amīcus
noster nōn labōrat │ our friend is not working
fīlius est
aeger │ the son is ill
puer medicum
exspectat │ the boy is
waiting for the doctor
Medicus est
vir benignus │ the doctor is a kind man
Vocative: the vocative case only has its own ending
with 2nd declension masculine nouns; with all other noun types (both
singular and plural) the vocative is the same as the nominative
miser sum, amīce
│ I’m sad, friend
Valē, Carole │
Bye, Carolus
Genitive
Haec fēmina est māter
puerī │ this
lady is the boy’s mother [ = the mother of the boy]
Dative
Iūlia puerō aquam
dat │ Julia gives water to the boy
puer medicō
grātiās agēbat │ the boy thanked the teacher [ =
gave thanks to the doctor]
Accusative
puer medicum
exspectat │ the boy is waiting for the doctor
medicus puerum spectat
│ the doctor is looking at the boy
Ablative
cum amīcō ambulat │
(s)he is walking with a friend
[2] Plural
Nominative
discipulī
ad casās properant │ the pupils
are hurrying to the cottages
puerī
linguam Latīnam discunt │ the boys
are learning Latin
Genitive
amīcus puerōrum
est │ he is the boys’ friend [
= a friend of the boys]
Dative
epistulās discipulīs
ostendit │ (s)he shows letters to the pupils
benignus puerīs
est │ he is kind to the
boys
rosae nōn puerīs
grātae sunt │ the roses are
not pleasing to the boys
Accusative
discipulōs
exspectat │ he is waiting for
the pupils
amīcōs
nostrōs exspectat │ he is
waiting for our friends
Ablative
Carolus cum
discipulīs nōn labōrat │
Carolus is not working with the pupils
agricolae ex agrīs properant │ the farmers are hurrying out of the fields
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