Lectiō §37
Caesar in Galliā manet — in īnsulā est silva — in silvā
erant barbarī — barbarī in Ītaliā sunt — Caesar in Galliā hiemat — in ōra
Ītaliae multa oppida sunt — in īnsulīs multae silvae sunt — in silvīs erant
barbarī — quot barbarī in silvīs sunt? — plūs quam mīlle barbarī — in numerō
servōrum sunt Germānī — in mūrō stat Caesar — Rōmanī summō in perīculō sunt —
Rōmanī in silvīs manent — frūmentum in carrō est — Caesar in oppidīs maritimīs
manet — plūs quam centum armātī in castrīs* sunt — cūr in Britanniā Caesar nōn
hiemat — magna cōpia frūmentī in nāvigiīs est — in castellīs Rōmānōrum multī
sunt armātī.
[1] Find the Latin:
Caesar stays in Gaul.
Caesar doesn't spend the winter in Britain.
There's a forest on the island.
The grain is in the wagon.
Caesar stands on the wall.
The Romans are in the greatest danger.
The Romans stay in the forests.
Many armed men are in the forts.
Caesar stays in sea-side towns.
*Watch out for the word castra; it is a neuter plural noun in Latin but refers to the English singular noun (military) camp:
Plūs quam centum armātī in castrīs* sunt │ More than 100 armed men are in the camp.
[2] The ablative case is used with certain prepositions. In
the text it only focuses on one, namely in
meaning [i] in and [ii] on.
Ablative singular
Gallia (Gaul) > in Galliā │ in Gaul
ōra (coast) > in ōrā │ on the coast
mēnsa (table) > in mēnsā │ on the table
hortus (garden) > in hortō │ in the garden
mūrus (wall) > in mūrō │ on the wall
perīculum (danger) > in perīculō │ in danger
Ablative plural
silvae (forests) > in silvīs │ in the forests
īnsulae (islands) > in īnsulīs │ on the islands
mūrī (walls) > in mūrīs │ on the walls
oppida (towns) > in oppidīs │ in the towns
With adjectives:
Singular
ōra maritima: the sea-coast > in ōrā
maritimā │ on / at the sea-coast
īnsula parva: a small island > in īnsulā
parvā │ on a small island
perīculum magnum: great danger > in perīculō
magnō │ in great danger
Note the word order from the text; the adjective may not be
placed exactly next to the noun, but the ending makes it clear which noun the
adjective is describing. Compare the word order of the translation and the
Latin original
The Romans are ¦ (i) in (ii) the greatest (iii) danger.
│ Rōmānī [(ii) summō (i) in (iii) perīculō] sunt.
Plural
silvae dēnsae: thick forests > in silvīs
dēnsīs │ in thick forests
mūrī altī: high walls > in mūrīs altīs │ on
high walls
oppida maritima: seaside towns > in oppidīs
maritimīs │ in seaside towns
[3] Four other common prepositions used with the ablative
are:
[i] ā / ab: away from
ā (before a consonant) / ab (before a
consonant or a vowel): away from
Ab īnsulā nāvigant │ They sail (away) from
the island.
[ii] ē / ex: out of
ē (before a consonant) / ex (before a
consonant or a vowel); this can convey coming out of a building (hence the
English derivative exit) or it can refer to, for example, the country
where you’re from
Ex Hispaniā oriundus [masc.] / oriunda [fem.]
sum │ I am (originally) from Spain.
[iii] cum: (together) with
cum: (together) with; this is not used to
express the idea in the previous post i.e. to surround a city with a
wall, but to convey the person with whom you are performing an action e.g. I
went to the river with my friend. It does occur in other uses, but for
the moment focus on the use shown below.
Ad oram maritimam cum amīcō ambulat │He’s walking
to the seashore with a friend.
[iv] sine: without
sine pecūniā │ without money
sine perīculō │ without danger
sine amīcīs │ without friends
[4] §38: interrogātiō
- Ubi manet Caesar?
- Ubi est silva?
- Ubi Caesar hiemat ?
- Quot barbarī in silvīs sunt?
- Ubi stat Caesar?
- Ubi est frūmentum?
- Ubi est cōpia frūmentī?
- Ubi sunt centum armātī?
- Ubi sunt armātī Rōmānōrum?
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