01.03.24: genitive singular and plural of 2nd declension nouns

The genitive singular of 2nd declension masculine and neuter nouns is -ī

For masculine nouns the ending is the same as the nominative plural: -ī

nūnti¦us: messenger > gladius nūnti¦ī: the sword of the messenger = the messenger’s sword

magister: teacher > discipulus magistr¦ī: the pupil of the teacher = the teacher’s pupil

puer: boy > liber puer¦ī: the book of the boy = the boy’s book

Note: nouns ending in -ius may form the genitive singular in the following way:

Cornelius > fīlius Cornel¦ī (i.e. not -iī)

fīlius > magister fīl¦ī

This, however, tends to be a feature of older Latin and the genitive in -iī i.e. Corneli¦us > Corneli¦ī i.e. exactly the same as all other 2nd declension masculine nouns, is equally correct.

Second declension neuter nouns, however, also have -ī in the genitive singular i.e. the same ending as the masculine and not the neuter nominative plural

plaustrum: cart > rotae plaustr¦ī: the wheels of the cart

Again, neuter nouns ending in -ium may also end in a single -ī:

cōnsilium (plan) > gen. sg. cōnsil¦ī, but the ending in -iī is also used

The genitive plural of 2nd declension masculine and neuter nouns is -ōrum

discipul¦us > magister discipul¦ōrum: the teacher of the pupils = the pupils’ teacher

plaustr¦um > rotae plaustr¦ōrum: the wheels of the carts

Give the English for the following phrases:

1. [Sextus] > amīcus Sextī
2. [magister] > equus magistrī
3. [magister] > discipulī magistrōrum
4. [dominus] > fīlius dominī
5. [servus] > dominus servōrum
6. vēnditor: a seller ... of what...?
7. pannus (cloth) > vēnditor pannī
8. [cibus] > vēnditor cibī
9. [culter] > vēnditor cultrōrum
10. [liber] > vēnditor librōrum
11. [pulvīnus] > vēnditor pulvīnōrum
12. [vīnum] > vēnditor vīnī

Can you match some of the phrases above with what they're selling in the images?