Monday, April 22, 2024

02.04.24: Review of 3rd declension nouns [4]

Translation in the comments

DĒ CERTĀMINIBUS QUADRĪGĀRUM

[Chesnutt: the Road to Latin (1933)]

Nunc Cornēlius cum fīliīs Circum Maximum intrat. Magnō cum gaudiō puerī in subselliīs sedent. Circus Maximus puerōs dēlectat. Circus Maximus est aedificium longum. In mediō Circō Maximō est magna arēna. Sōl arēnam illūminat. Cirum arēnam sunt subsellia. Dē subselliīs spectātōrēs lūdōs spectant. In Circō Maximō sunt multa genera hominum. Sunt ducēsmercātōrēs, agricolae, servī. Dē subseliīs puerī magnō studiō arēnam spectant. Arēna mūrō angustō dīviditur. Nōmen mūrī angustī est “spīna.” In spīnā sunt statuae clārōrum aurīgārum et equōrum. Prope terminōs spīnae sunt columnae altae. Columnae sunt mētae. In summā spīnā prope mētās iūdicēs stant. Circum spīnam equī volant.

“Nōnne est tempus certāminis, pater?” rogant puerī.

“Nōndum, meī fīliī,” respondet Cornēlius. “Ante certāmen semper est pompa. Pompa per viās ad Circum Maximum iter facit. In pompā sunt equī, aurīgae, virī clārī, imāginēs pulchrae deōrum. Mox pompa portam intrābit et per arēnam veniet.”

“Porta aperītur,” clāmat Lūcius. “Pompa venit!”

Post pompam spectātōrēs signum certāminis exspectant. Signum ā dominō lūdōrum datur; quadrīgae maximā cum celeritāte in arēnam volant. Per septem spatia equī circum spīnam volant. Vulnera aurīgārum sunt multa. Interdum aurīgae interficiuntur quod super capita et corpora miserōrum reliquae quadrīgae volant.

“Meus aurīga est in spatiō extrēmō,” clāmat Aulus. “Volat circum mētam extrēmam. Reliquōs aurīgās relinquit. Est victor!”

Vocabulary

(a) 3rd declension nouns

dux, ducis [3/m]: leader; commander; ruler

genus, generis [3/n]: type

imāgō, imāginis [3/f]: image

iter, itineris [3/n]: journey

  • iter faciō, facere [3-iō]: make one’s way

iūdex, iūdicis [3/m]: judge

mercātor, mercātōris [3/m]: merchant

nōmen, nōminis [3/n]: name

vulnus, vulneris [3/n]: wound

(b) Other words

angustus, -a, -um: narrow

dīvidō, dīvidere [3]: divide

extrēmus, -a, -um: outermost; furthest

mēta, -ae [1/f]: turning point; winning post (of the racecourse)

nōndum: not yet

relinquō, relinquere [3]: leave behind

reliquus, -a, -um: remaining

sōl, -is [3/m]: sun

spatium, -ī [2/n]: space; distance between two points; period of time; (here) lap (of a race)

spīna, -ae [1/f] [i] backbone; spine [ii] (here) a long low wall along the centre of the racecourse

subsellium, -ī [2/n]: low bench

super + accusative: upon; over; on the top of

terminus, -ī [2/m]: end; boundary line

volō, volāre [1]: fly

Notes

[1]

medius, -a, -um: middle

summus, -a, -um: highest; greatest; top [Engl. deriv. “summit”]

These two are adjectives but, in English, we generally have to rework them into nouns:

  • in mediā urbe: in the centre of the city
  • in mediō Circō Maximō: in the middle of the Circus Maximus
  • in summō monte: at the top of the mountain
  • in summā spīnā: on the top of the “spina”

[2] More examples of the passive; look out for -ur

Portam aperiō: I open the gate

> Porta aperītur: the gate is being opened

Mīles aurīgam interficit: the soldier kills the charioteer

> Aurīgae interficiuntur: the charioteers are killed

[i] signum ¦ ā dominō lūdōrum ¦ datur: the signal is given ¦ by the master of the games

If something is done by a person: ā + ablative

arēna ¦ mūrō angustō ¦ dīviditur: the arena is divided ¦ by a narrow wall

[ii] If something is done by a thing, the ablative alone is used

[3] Mox pompa portam intrābit et per arēnam veniet. Soon the procession will enter the gate and will come through the arena. That’s the first glimpse of the Latin future tense; it’s coming very soon.

____________________

Now Cornelius enters the Circus Maximus with his sons. The boys sit on the benches with great joy. The Circus Maximus delights the boys [= the boys really like …]. The Circus Maximus is a long building. In the middle of the Circus Maximus is a large arena. The sun illuminates the arena. There are benches around the arena. The spectators watch the games from the benches. There are many kinds of people in the Circus Maximus. There are leaders, merchants, farmers, and slaves. From the benches the boys look at the arena with great enthusiasm. The arena is divided by a narrow wall. The name of the narrow wall is the spīna. On the low dividing wall are statues of famous charioteers and horses. Near the ends of the wall are tall columns. The columns are goals. On top of the wall near the goal the judges stand. The horses fly around the spīna.

"It’s time for the contest, isn’t it father?" the boys ask. "Not yet, my sons," answers Cornelius. “There is always a parade before the competition. The parade travels through the streets to the Circus Maximus. In the parade are horses, charioteers, well-known men, beautiful images of the gods. Soon the parade will enter the gate and come through the arena.

"The gate is being opened!" shouts Lucius. "The parade is coming!"

After the parade, the spectators wait for the signal for the contest. The signal is given by the master of the games; the chariots fly into the arena with great speed. For seven laps the horses fly around the low dividing wall. The wounds of the charioteers are many [= The charioteers have …]. Sometimes the drivers are killed because the rest of the chariots fly over the heads and bodies of the poor men.

"My driver is on the last lap," shows Aulus. “He’s flying around the furthest goal. He’s leaving the rest of the charioteers behind. He is the winner!”

____________________ 





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