The perfect passive occurs all the time in Classical Latin literature, far more than the other passive forms which is why more time has been spent on it.
In a
previous post I mentioned that most of the time they are easy to identify since
they end in -tus, -ta, -tum or -sus, -sa, -sum and bear a resemblance to other
forms of the verb. If your focus is primarily to recognise them when reading
then they rarely pose a challenge. However, if you want to get them into your
head, spell them and be able to reproduce them in speaking or writing
then we can dig a little deeper. In doing so, we’ll see that a huge number of
them appear in English derivatives i.e. we reverse engineer the English
derivative which will show that it is telling you what the perfect passive
participle is.
When
you look at all the participle forms they seem random and difficult to work
out, yet you see them all the time not only in Latin, but also in English! Follow Dr. Hannibal Lecter’s comment from the movie Red Dragon:
“The answer was right in front of you. You looked, but didn’t see.”
First
conjugation
laudō,
laudāre, laudāvī, ¦ laudātus, -a, -um
Stem:
laudā- + -tus, -ta, -tum > laudātus, -a,-um │ (having been) praised
The
English suffix -ate is derived from the perfect passive participle -ātus,
-āta, -ātum of 1st conjugation verbs:
advocō,
advocāre, advocāvī, advocātus: call for > Engl. advocate
aliēnō,
aliēnāre, aliēnāvī, aliēnātus: estrange > Engl. alienate
captīvō,
captivāre, captīvāvī, captīvātus: take captive > Engl. captivate
creō,
creāre, creāvī, creātus: create > Engl. create
cūrō,
cūrāre, cūrāvī, cūrātus: take care of > Engl. curate
dōnō,
dōnāre, dōnāvī, dōnātus: gīve; present > Engl. donate
negō,
negāre, negāvī, negātus: deny > Engl. negate
ōrnō,
ōrnāre, ōrnāvī, ōrnātus: adorn > Engl. ornate
sēdō,
sēdāre, sēdāvī, sēdātus: settle > Engl. sedate
dō,
dare, dedī, datum: give > Engl. data
No comments:
Post a Comment