Tuesday, May 7, 2024

07.05.24: macrons sometimes matter!

This is a good post; thank you for giving the Latin in the mirror image!

ANIMA ÆTHERE FLVITAT; CORPVS TERRA ERRAT

Anima aethere fluitat; corpus terra errat

aethēr, aetheris [3/m]: the ‘upper air’; the ether; the heavens

anima, -ae [1/f]: it can mean ‘breath’ but here ‘soul’, ‘spirit’

corpus, corporis [3/n]: body

terra, -ae [1/f]: land

errō, errāre [1]: wander

fluō, fluere [3]: float

> fluitō, fluitāre [1]: this was mentioned some time back; the ending -itō can be used with some Latin verbs to suggest that the action happens frequently; a good translation of it is ‘float about’

Anima aetherfluitat │the soul / spirit floats in the heavens …

It’s the next part that is particularly useful:

Unlike, for example, French é or ç or German ü which use what are called diacritics, i.e. symbols to indicate a particular pronunciation of the letter, Classical Latin didn’t.

The existence of the macron, the line above the vowels is used, for example, in textbooks and certain edited works of literature to indicate difference in the pronunciation of the vowels:

[1] a, e, i, o, u: short vowels

[2] ā, ē, ī, ō, ū: long vowels

Pronunciation was discussed at a very early stage of the group.

There is no need to write any Latin word with a macron but they’re useful to achieve accurate pronunciation, and they are very useful when dealing with Latin poetry. As the posts have gone along, I’ve sometimes said that, when learning, it’s a good idea to include them.

I begin with an example from German:

Bruder: brother

Brüder: brothers

Consider how unhelpful English can be: I read [/reed/] a book (present tense) but I read [/red/] a book (past simple).

So, sometimes, the difference in pronunciation also indicates a change in meaning.

Nominative: terra; land

Ablative: terrā; (here) on the land or 'by land' e.g. when travelling

Anima aethere fluitat; corpus terrā errat │ The spirit floats in the heavens; the body wanders on the earth.



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