19.07.25: Level 3; pronominal adjectives [1]; tōtus, -a, um: all; whole; entire

Hōs tōta armenta sequuntur ā tergō (Virgil) │The whole herd [ = all the animals used for pulling ploughs, heavy carts etc.] follows them from the rear.

Haec eadem ratiō est in summā tōtīus Galliae: namque omnēs cīvitātēs in partēs dīvīsae sunt duās (Caesar) │ This same principle, in general, exists in the whole of Gaul: for all the states are divided into two parts.

Caesarī imperium tōtīus prōvinciae datur. │ Caesar is given command of the whole province.

Tōtum exercitum mēcum iussū cōnsulis dūcam. │ I shall lead the entire army with me on the consul’s order

Rēgīnae et tōtī populō igitur grātias aget. │ He will, therefore, thank the queen and the whole people.

Nam hōc tōtō proeliō … āversum hostem vidēre nēmō potuit (Caesar) │ For during the whole of this battle…no one could see an enemy with his back turned.

Ubi in forō dīcēbam, tōtā mente invidiam populī timēbam. │ When I was speaking in the forum, I was afraid of the envy of the people in my entire mind.

Exercise: complete the Latin sentences and phrases with the appropriate form of tōtus:

[1] in the whole world / in all the world │  in _____ orbe terrārum

[2] They travelled continually throughout the whole night  │ _____ nocte* continenter iērunt (Caesar)

* note that, while duration of time is usually expressed by the accusative, there are some examples, including this one from Caesar, where the ablative is used

[3] The commander of the whole of Spain │ Imperātor _____ Hispāniae

[4] The whole city has been destroyed and is burning │ _____ urbs dēlēta est et ārdet.

[5] We told the citizens / the entire state (i.e. the “citizenship” all members of the city / state) that Lucius was a good man. │ _____ cīvitātī dīximus Lūcium virum bonum esse.

[6] The cries of the Romans were heard through the whole city. │ Clāmōrēs Rōmānōrum per _____ urbem audiēbantur.

tōta; tōtā; tōtam; tōtī; tōtīus; tōtō

____________________

[1] in tōtō orbe terrārum

[2] tōtā nocte continenter iērunt (Caesar)

[3] Imperātor tōtīus Hispāniae

[4] tōta urbs dēlēta est et ārdet.

[5] tōtī cīvitātī dīximus Lūcium virum bonum esse.

[6] Clāmōrēs Rōmānōrum per tōtam urbem audiēbantur.