22.07.25: Level 3; Sonnenschein; Prō Patriā [6]; Britannia pācāta [2]

Prīmō annō imperiī suī Agricola in Cambriā bellāvit, ubi magnam victōriam ab Ordovicibus reportāvit. Hanc gentem ferē tōtam trucīdāvit, sī Tacitus vēra affirmat. Tum īnsulam Monam occupāvit. Nāvēs eī dēerant; sed sub signīs Rōmānīs nōnnūllae cohortēs Batāvōrum mīlitābant. Hī perītī erant natandī, et trāns fretum natāvērunt. Tertiō annō Agricola contrā Brigantēs aliāsque gentēs septentriōnālēs Britanniae bellāvit. Sextō annō classem comparāvit. Dum haec ōram maritimam Calēdoniae explōrat, ipse cum cōpiīs pedestribus et equestribus per Devam et Luguvallium in Calēdoniam usque ad Clōtam et Bodotriam penetrat. Tōtam regiōnem castellīs firmat. Sed Caledoniī trāns Clōtam et Bodotriam, velut in alteram īnsulam, sē congregant. Proximō annō Rōmānī in partēs interiōrēs Calēdoniae penetrant. Ibi, prope Montem Graupium, dux Calēdonius, Galgacus vel Calgacus nōmine, suōs ad proelium hīs verbīs incitat.

Bodotria, -ae [1/f]: Firth of Forth (estuary in Scotland)

Clōta, -ae [1/f]: Clyde (river in Scotland); Firth of Clyde

[1] Find the Latin:

[ii] He slaughtered almost the whole of this tribe

[iii] These (men) were skilled in swimming

[iv] While it is exploring the coast of Caledonia

[v] In the first year of his command

[vi] He lacked ships [literally: Ships were lacking to him]

[vii] He himself together with infantry

[viii] The Caledonians gather themselves together

[ix] He encourages his (men) to battle with these words

[2] Hī perītī erant natandī: the word in bold is an example of [a] a participle [b] a gerund [c] a verb

[3] Translate the following:

[i] contrā Brigantēs aliāsque gentēs … bellāvit

[ii] Galgacus vel Calgacus nōmine

[iii] nōnnūllae cohortēs

[iv] proximō annō

[v] sī Tacitus vēra affirmat

[vi] sub signīs Rōmānīs

[vii] usque ad Clōtam et Bodotriam penetrat

[viii] velut in alteram īnsulam

The Battle of Mons Graupius

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mons_Graupius

https://penelope.uchicago.edu/encyclopaedia_romana/britannia/monsgraupius/monsgraupius.html

Northern British Campaigns of Agricola, 80 – 84

By myself - Primarily Frere's Britannia (cited in the image title), CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=8494954

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calgacus

https://www.thelatinlibrary.com/imperialism/readings/agricola.html