23.07.25: Level 1; Road to Latin [19]; agricolae; notes and exercises

Nāsīca est agricola Italiae. Casa agricolae nōn est proxima Rōmae. Sed Nāsīca Rōmam (to Rome) saepe ambulat. Nunc agricola ūvās Rōmam portat; nunc olīvās Rōmam portat. Incolae Rōmae ūvās et olīvās in tabernīs vident; ūvae et olīvae incolās Rōmae dēlectant. Incolae Nāsīcae pecūniam dant.

Rōmae (in Rome) sunt multae tabernae. Nāsīca tabernās libenter intrat. Statuae pulchrae et columnae albae quoque sunt Rōmae. Agricola in viīs ambulat et statuās et columnās libenter videt. Tandem Nāsīca Rōmā (from Rome) ad casam parvam properat. Saepe agricola pallam novam et soleās novās Rōmā ad fīliam portat quod Nāsīca fīliam maximē amat.

Agricolae Graeciae quoque olīvās et ūvās habent. Quō agricolae olīvās et ūvās portant? Athēnās (to Athens) olīvās et ūvās portant. Interdum fēminae cum agricolīs Athēnās ambulant et corbulās plēnās rosārum portant. Athēnīs (in Athens) sunt multae statuae. Fēminae statuās libenter ōrnant. Athēnīs est magna Minervae statua. Minerva est dea sapientiae. Fēminae statuam Minervae saepe ōrnant. Noctū agricolae et fēminae Athēnīs (from Athens) ad casās properant. Fēminae Athēnīs parvās Minervae statuās ad fīliās portant.

[1] Compare these extracts from the text:

[A]

Nāsīca …  ad casam parvam properat. │ Nasica hurries to the small cottage.

Agricola soleās novās … ad fīliam portat. │ The farmer brings new sandals to the daughter.  

Agricolae … ad casās properant. │ The farmers hurry to the cottage.

Fēminae …  statuās parvās ad fīliās portant. │ The ladies brings small statues to the daughters.

The preposition ad + accusative means to(wards) a thing or person.

[B] When place-names (cities or towns) are used, the noun is in the accusative case without a preposition.

Nāsīca Rōmam saepe ambulat. │ Nasica often walks to Rome.

Athēnae (Athens) is grammatically plural and so the accusative plural is used:

Athēnās olīvās et ūvās portant. │ They carry olives and grapes to Athens.

[2] This is extended to talking about from a named place when the ablative case, again without a preposition is used:

Nāsīca Rōmā ad casam parvam properat. │ Nasica hurries from Rome to the little cottage.

Agricolae et fēminae Athēnīs ad casās properant. │ The farmers and the ladies hurry from Athens to the cottages.

[3]

[a] When referring to being in a named place, Latin uses a special case called the locative, again without a preposition:

Rōmae sunt multae tabernae. │ There are many shops in Rome.

Athēnīs sunt multae statuae. │ There are many statues in Athens.

[b] The locative case is used with a very small group of nouns which are not place-names, the two most common of which are:

[i] domus: house

domō: from home

domum: to home (e.g. Domum redeō │ I am returning home)

domī: at home

[ii] rūs: country(side) i.e. not a country in the sense of, for example, Italy or Greece

rūre:  from the country(side)

rūs:  to the country

rūrī: in the country

It is enough at this stage to recognise these forms, but more detailed information on the locative case can be found here:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/290324-locative-case.html

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/02/150525-level-3-locative-case-1.html

[4] The locative case is not used with the names of countries, only the names of towns, cities and some islands:

in / ad Ītaliam: to Italy

in Britanniā: in Britain

ex Hispaniā: from Spain

Exercise [1]

1. Ubi est casa agricolae?
2. Quō Nāsīca saepe ambulat?
3. Quō agricola ūvās et olīvās portat?
4. Ubi sunt multae tabernae?
5. Ubi sunt statuae pulchrae?
6. Unde Nāsīca tandem properat?
7. Unde agricola pallam novam et soleās novās portat?
8. Quō Graeciae agricolae olīvās et ūvās portant?
9. Quō fēminae corbulās rosārum portant?
10. Ubī sunt multae statuae?
11. Ubi est magna Minervae statua?
12. Unde agricolae et fēminae noctū properant?
13. Unde fēminae parvās Minervae statuās portant?

Unit [9]: Grammar exercise

1. Taberna Galbae est Rōm___
2. Galba multās amphorās in tabern___ habet.
3. Onerāriae amphorās et ūrnās Athēn___ Rōm___ (from Athens to Rome) portant.
4. Onerāriae nāvigant Rōm___ Athēn___ (from Rome to Athens)
5. Athēn___ et Rom___ (In Athens and Rome) nautae tabernās intrant.
6. Casa agricolae est rūr___; agricola ūvās rūr___ (from the country) portat.