27.12.24: level 1; topic; school [12]; Comenius: Vestibulum Linguarum [2]: concerning things at school [4]

Complete each Latin sentence with the words listed below.

[1] __________ [2] __________ acadēmīam. │ The Rector (Principal; headteacher) rules the academy.

Paedagōgus* advertit et [3] __________. │ A pedagogue steers and pushes [a student].

Grammaticus* [4] __________. │The grammarian speaks.

Rhētor* [5] __________ loquitur. │ The rhetorician speaks eloquently.

Dialecticus [6] __________. │ A dialectician (debater; somebody who argues using logic) disputes (argues).

Vēra ā falsīs [7] __________. │He discerns truth (true things) from falsehood (false things).

Mūsicus [8] __________. │ The musician sings (plays music).

Poēta carmina [9] __________. │ A poet makes poems (fashions them)

[10] __________ effigiem vel imāginem [11] __________. │ A painter paints a picture or an image.

Historicus rēs gestās [12] __________. │ An historian narrates deeds.

Astronomus [13] __________ astra. │ An astronomer describes the stars.

Physicus nātūram [14] __________. │ A scientist investigates nature.

Medicus eam [15] __________. │ A physican (doctor) imitates it.

Ēthicus trādit [16] __________, │ An ethicist teaches rules (has a wider meaning of customs)

cantat; dēscrībit; discernit; disputat; fingit; imitātur; loquitur; mōrēs; nārrat; ōrnātē; pictor; pingit; rēctor; regit; scrūtātur; urget

* There are three terms used in the sentences above that relate directly to education in Ancient Rome. The well-to-do wished their sons to enter the world of politics for which public speaking was an essential skill. They studied Latin, Greek and Rhetoric.

rhētor, rhētōris [3/m]: teacher of rhetoric

grammaticus, -ī [2/m]: (secondary) teacher of Latin or Greek

paedagōgus, -ī [2/m]: (Ancient Rome) educated slaves, usually Greek, who taught Roman children

____________________

Rēctor regit acadēmīam. │ The Rector (Principal; headteacher) rules the academy.

Paedagōgus advertit et urget. │ A pedagogue steers and pushes [a student].

Grammaticus loquitur. │The grammarian speaks.

Rhētor ōrnātē loquitur. │ The rhetorician speaks eloquently.

Dialecticus disputat. │ A dialectician disputes (argues).

Vēra ā falsīs discernit. │He discerns truth (true things) from falsehood (false things).

Mūsicus cantat. │ The musician sings (plays music).

Poēta carmina fingit. │ A poet makes poems (fashions them)

Pictor effigiem vel imāginem pingit. │ A painter paints a picture or an image.

Historicus rēs gestās nārrat. │ An historian narrates deeds.

Astronomus dēscrībit astra. │ An astronomer describes the stars.

Physicus nātūram scrūtātur. │ A scientist investigates nature.

Medicus eam imitātur. │ A physican (doctor) imitates it.

Ēthicus trādit mōrēs, │ An ethicist teaches rules (has a wider meaning of customs)

25.12.24: level 1; topic; school [11]; Comenius: Ianua Linguarum Reserata [3]: concerning things at school [3]; vocabulary [2] books, paper, maps

charta, -ae [1/f]: [i] (CL) papyrus; paper [ii] (Mediaeval) map

mappa, -ae [1/f]: (New Latin) map, but is used in the Mediaeval period in the expression mappa mundī to refer to any European world map

papȳrus, -ī [2 m/f]: paper made from papyrus

margō, marginis [3 m/f]: margin

terms referring to types of books:

capsa, -ae [1/f]: a container (usually cylindrical) for containing scrolls

cōdex, cōdicis [3/m]: book; notebook; this term is used when classifying manuscripts

liber; librī [2/m]: book

librarium, -ī [2/n]: bookcase; library

scrīptum, -ī [2/n]: anything that is written

volumen, voluminis [3/n]: book but usually in the sense of a scroll

24.12.24: level 1; topic; school [10]; Comenius: Ianua Linguarum Reserata [2]: concerning things at school [2]; vocabulary [1] objects

ātrāmentārium, -ī [2/n]: inkstand; inkwell

ātrāmentum, -ī [2/n]: ink

calamus, -ī [2/m]: (CL) [i] a reed; cane [ii] an object made of reed [iii] (New Latin) pen

circinus, -ī [2/m]: pair of compasses

crēta, -ae [1/f]: chalk

globus, -ī [2/m]: globe

pigmentum, -ī [2/n]: paint; pigment; dye

rēgula, -ae [1/f]: ruler

stilus, -ī [2/m]: a stylus or pencil used for writing on wax tablets; stilus plumbātus: (New Latin) pencil; also: plumbum, -ī [2/n]: (CL) lead but, judging but the remarks below, could also refer to drawing lines with some form of lead writing tool:

Referring (disparagingly) to another poet, Catullus describes the physical appearance of the poems: “regal paper, new boards, new bosses, straps, red parchment, ruled with the lead and smoothed off with the pumice”; ruled with lead: dērēcta plumbō

tabula, -ae [1/f]: wax-covered tablet for writing

22.12.24: level 1; topic; school [9]; Comenius: Ianua Linguarum Reserata [1]: concerning things at school [1]

Iānua linguārum reserāta, the Gate of Languages Unlocked by John Comenius, written in 1629 and first published in Poland in 1632

Complete each Latin sentence with the words listed below.

Dē rēbus in [1] __________. │ Concerning things in school.

[2] __________ sponte [3] __________ scholam. │ A schoolboy willingly attends (goes to; frequents) school.

Ex librō [4] __________ tacitē. │ We read silently from a book.

Aut [5] __________ clārē. │ Or we clearly read aloud.

[6] __________ sunt in calamāriō. │ Pens are in the pen container.

Quibus [7] __________ in [8] __________, in utrāque [9] __________. │ By which we write on paper on either page.

Līnea fit [10] __________. │ A line is made by a ruler.

Circulus [11] __________. │ A circle by a compass.

Sī perperam, [12] __________. │If badly, we erase (it). [perperam (adv.) wrongly]

Et [13] __________ dēnuō [14] __________ vel in [15] __________. │ And mark it again rightly (correctly) or in the margin.

Doctor prōpōnit [16] __________; │ The teacher sets forth the teaching;

[17] __________ prōverbia et ēloquentiam; │ He teaches proverbs and eloquence;

[18] __________ [19] __________ nōn omnia simul, sed per partēs. │ A student learns not all at once, but through parts.

[20] __________ [21] __________ ūniversōs, │ The Master instructs all together,

Singulī [22] __________. │ They pay attention (attend) individually.

Ille [23] __________ mendās. │ He corrects (amends) faults / mistakes.

attendunt; calamī; chartā; circinō; dēlēmus; discipulus; discit; docet; doctrīnam; ēmendat; frequentat; īnstituit; legimus; magister; margine; pāginā; recitāmus; rēctē; rēgulā; scholā; scholasticus; scrībimus; signāmus 

____________________

Dē rēbus in scholā. │ Concerning things in school.

Scholasticus sponte frequentat scholam. │ A schoolboy willingly attends (goes to; frequents) school.

Ex librō legimus tacitē. │ We read silently from a book.

Aut recitāmus clārē. │ Or we clearly read aloud.

Calamī sunt in calamāriō. │ Pens are in the pen container.

Quibus scrībimus in chartā, in utrāque pāginā. │ By which we write on paper on either page.

Līnea fit rēgulā. │ A line is made by a ruler.

Circulus circinō. │ A circle by a compass.

Sī perperam, dēlēmus. │If badly, we erase (it).

Et signāmus dēnuō rēctē vel in margine. │ And mark it again rightly (correctly) or in the margin.

Doctor prōpōnit doctrīnam; │ The teacher sets forth the teaching;

Docet prōverbia et ēloquentiam; │ He teaches proverbs and eloquence;

Discipulus discit nōn omnia simul, sed per partēs. │ A student learns not all at once, but through parts.

Magister īnstituit ūniversōs, │ The Master instructs all together,

Singulī attendunt. │ They pay attention (attend) individually.

Ille ēmendat mendās. │ He corrects (amends) faults / mistakes.