Friday, August 28, 2026

02.04.27: Level 4; literature; Bread and panthers … without the panthers [3]; text, translation with accompanying notes to lines [6] – [10]

[6] hoc vehementius labōrō nunc, quod seorsus ā collēgā putō mihi omnia paranda. │ I am all the more concerned about this now, because, apart from my colleague, I think I shall have to prepare everything.

mihi omnia paranda │ all these things (are) to be prepared ¦ by me = I need to / I shall have to prepare everything; gerundive of obligation

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/03/020625-level-3-gerundive-1.html

[7] amābō tē, imperā tibi hoc. cūrāre solēs libenter, ut ego maiōrem partem nihil cūrāre.  │ Please tell yourself to do this / give yourself that order. You’re usually willing to take care of things, as I for the most part take none.

[8] in hōc negōtiō nūlla tua nisi loquendī cūra est, hoc est imperandī et mandandī; │ In this business there is no concern of yours except speaking  – that is, giving an order and a commission / command.

In hōc negōtiō … │ in this business / matter …

nūlla tua … cūra est │ there is no concern of yours …

nisi loquendī (hoc est) imperandī et mandandī │ apart from that of speaking (that is / i.e.) (of) giving an order and (of) giving a commission

loquendī, imperandī and mandandī are gerunds that indicate the act of doing something

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/03/270525-level-3-gerund-1.html

"In this matter, you have no concern except for speaking: giving orders and commissions." To put it more casually: “All you’ve got to do is speak, order and command.”

[9] nam simulatque erunt captae, quī alant eās et dēportent ¦ habēs eōs ¦ ... │ For as soon as they (will) have been captured, ¦ you have these (men) ¦ who will feed and transport them …

…quī alant eās et dēportent; again, this is another example of a subjunctive of purpose; with quī it is used when, for example, saying that somebody has been sent to do something; Cicero already has men there ¦ who will feed and transport the animals i.e. that is their purpose

[10] putō etiam, sī ūllam spem mihi litterīs ostenderis, mē istō missūrum aliōs. │ I think also that, if you show [ = will have shown] me any hope in your letters, I shall send others (other men) to where you are / to your place.

[i] putō … mē … missūrum │ I think … ¦ I shall / am going to send; future active infinitive

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/06/250925-level-3-grammar-of-things-to.html

[ii] istō: to the place where you are; iste, ista, istud (that) refers to something near the person being addressed

Personal comments:

There’s a sense of frustration on the part of Caelius; this isn’t the first time he’s mentioned the matter. While wild animals have been supplied to him from another source, he clearly doesn’t have enough to stage the extravaganza he has in mind. The political position of curule aedile is not insignificant: does Caelius have his eyes of the prize of a consulship?

One feels that Caelius is pressurising Cicero, referring to a local go-between (Patiscus) who sent panthers to the tribune Curio (one of Cicero’s friends) who, in turn, gave them to Caelius as a gift; in the political machinations of Ancient Rome, ‘gifts’ matter – including (somewhat sarcastically expressed) estates in the countryside – and if others can do all that, why can’t Cicero? Cicero himself, in Caelius’ view, will consider it disgraceful (turpe) that he has been unable not merely to match the number of animals already supplied but, indeed, significantly to increase it, which does read as if Caelius is embarrassing him although others interpret the exchange as light-hearted.

Cicero, according to Caelius, has more than enough authority – and offers a little praise of Cicero’s usual willingness to make arrangements – to order this without taking any direct action himself i.e. no effort required on the part of Cicero and, by his own admission, Caelius is not keen on the idea of sorting things out without assistance (and would possibly prefer not lifting a finger to do anything at all). Nevertheless, there are already men in the vicinity on financial matters (a reference omitted in the excerpt here) who can support Cicero in feeding and transporting the animals: quī alant eās et dēportent ¦ habēs eōs │ you have those men to feed and transport them. And Caelius does offer additional assistance when the panthers are caught.

What I find fascinating about this letter, is the importance attached to the hunting show, that Caelius has referred to the animals several times before and has already considered ways in which they can be looked after – and he knows where they can be caught. Panthers, rather than policy, seem to be the concern of this rather pushy political ladder climber. According to Jones and Sidwell, Caelius had been recently elected to this post which, undoubtedly, made it crucial to give a first-rate impression to the spectators of Rome.

I can’t help feeling that, if British politicians were to stage some freebie gladiatorial shows, their ratings would go up – because, as I write, they couldn’t be any lower! Furthermore, if they gave me an estate in the countryside, they’d get my vote.

Freebies, backhanders, use your mate’s influence, be pushy, get someone else to do it, keep the “mob” happy. Sarcasm alert: of course, they’re all things that happened in the past, right? I mean, they don’t happen now, do they?

29.08.26: Vincent; holiday reading

There are some very useful points in this video although I have no expertise in Vincent’s choice of books.

Crās iter faciam | I’ll be travelling tomorrow [literally: I shall make a journey]

et nunc rēs meās parō. | … and now I’m preparing my things.

Quid habeō in capsā? | What do I have in the (suit)case?

Vestīmenta sānē … | Clothes, of course …

…etiam nōnnūllōs librōs portābō mēcum. | … I’ll also bring some books with me.

Quī sunt librī? | What are the books / Which books are they?

Librī ēvangeliōrum quattuor Iuvencī … | Juvencus's four books of the Gospels …

… ut semper cum itineror hunc librum portō mēcum … | … as I always bring this book with me when I’m travelling …

… Dē imitātiōne Chrīstī … | … concerning the imitation of Christ …

… Catēchismus Conciliī Tridentīnī. | … The Catechism of the Council of Trent.

Sānē in itinere nōn poterō perlegere hunc librum … | Of course I won’t be able to finish reading this book / read the whole book on the journey.

… sed fortasse nonullōs locōs animī causā legam … | … but perhaps I’ll read some / a few passages for the sake of enjoyment …

… et parvum Missāle. | … and a small missal.

Nunc cubitum eō. | I’m going to bed now.

In crāstinum. | See you tomorrow.

[1]

legō, -ere [3]: read

perlegere [3]: read through / to the end

per: as a preposition (+ accusative): means ‘through’ or ‘across’

per-: as a prefix conveys:

[i] with adjectives: very, e.g. magnus, -a, -um (large) > permagnus, -a, -um (very large)

[ii] with verbs: indicates that an action is carried out right to the end

permaneō [2]: stay until the end; Engl. deriv: permanent

perdiscō, -ere [3]: learn thoroughly; learn by heart

pernoctō, -āre [1]: spend the night (e.g. be / sleep somewhere through the entire night)

[2]

iter, itineris [3/n]: journey; (Mil.) march; Engl. deriv: itinerary

in itinere: on the journey

iter faciō, -ere [3-iō]: travel (make a journey); march

itineror, -ārī [1/deponent]: (Late Latin) travel

[3] cubitum eō | I’m going to bed [literally: I am going to lie down / sleep]

cubō, -āre [1]; perfect: cubuī; supine: cubitum

cubitum, the supine form of the verb, was actually discussed in the group very recently:

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/1033721322572469

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/1033724789238789

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/1033723109238957

In this context, it is used with a verb of motion to indicate the purpose:

cubitum eō | I am going to sleep

A synonym also uses a supine: Dormītum eō. | I am going to sleep < dormiō, -īre [4], dormīvī, dormītum

[4] Quid habeō in capsā? | What do I have in the suitcase?

Vincent uses a Neo-Latin intepretation for the noun:

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/suitcase/

The Romans had a very wide range of terms to describe bags, just as we have today. However, they are rarely referred to, and it is sometimes tricky to picture the type of bag they are talking about.

Classical Latin capsa, -ae [1/f] can mean ‘case’ or ‘box’ but it was often used to mean a cylindrical holder for books – and it is depicted in a fresco [see image]. The diminutive form of capsa is capsula (a small box); English derivative: capsule.

A close examination of some words in their original context helps us to formulate some idea. This excerpt from Plautus gives three words in the same speech. Note that the character refers to viāticum, -ī [2/n]: travelling-money; provision for a journey

Nunc ībō in tabernam, [i] vāsa atque argentum tibi referam. rēctē est obsignātum in [ii] vīdulō [iii] marsūpium cum viāticō: id tibi iam hūc adferam.

  • I’ll go to the inn now and bring you the bags and cash. Duly under seal in the bag is the wallet with the travelling money. I’ll bring it here to you directly.

[i] vāsa, -ōrum [2/n/pl]: while it most commonly occurs with the meaning of ‘vessels’ or ‘utensils’, it can also refer to baggage, i.e. a plural concept; a synonym is sarcīnae, -ārum [1/f/pl], again denoting more than one item of luggage 

[ii] vīdulus, -ī [2/m]; the noun refers to some form of large travelling case, sometimes defined as a portmanteau. Both here and in other contexts in Plautus, the term is a convincing rendering of our modern concept of a suitcase, and is also listed at the Neo-Latin Lexicon.

[iii] marsūpium, -ī [2/n]: the English derivative is marsupial referring to animals that bear their young in a pouch; a small pouch full of money, translated here as ‘wallet’ – and elsewhere as ‘purse’ – is a valid Neo-Latin rendering even if, in the ancient Roman period, such items did not look the same as they do now.


detail of a wall-painting from Pompeii: 1st c. CE

legal document on a sealed wax tablet next to a capsa holding 7 papyrus scrolls