Thursday, October 29, 2026

02.06.27: Topic / Level 4; transport [20]; on water [x] Caesar Dē Bellō Cīvīle (2)

The passage continues:

neque vērō coniūnctī Albīcī comminus pugnandō dēficiēbant neque multum cēdēbant virtūte nostrīs. simul ex minōribus nāvibus magna vīs ēminus missa tēlōrum multa nostrīs dē imprōvīsō imprūdentibus atque inpedītīs vulnera īnferēbant. cōnspicātaeque nāvēs trirēmēs duae nāvem D. Brūtī, quae ex īnsignī facile agnōscī poterat, duābus ex partibus sēsē in eam incitāverant. sed tantum rē prōvīsā Brūtus celeritāte nāvis ēnīsus est ut parvō mōmentō antecēderet. illae adeō graviter inter sē incitātae cōnflīxērunt, ut vehementissimē utraque ex concursū labōrārent, altera vērō praefrāctō rōstrō tōta conlabefieret. quā rē animadversa, quae proximae eī locō ex Brūtī classe nāvēs erant, in eās inpedītās impetum faciunt celeriterque ambās dēprimunt.

[i]

concursus, -us [4/m]: collision; crash; impact

īnsigne, -is [3/n]: insignia; standard; distinguishing mark

rōstrum, -ī [2/n]: ram; battering ram; beak of a ship

trirēmis, -is [3/f]: trireme; warship with three banks of oars

[ii]

conflīgō, conflīgere, conflīxī, conflīctus [3]: to collide; clash; strike together

conlabefīō, conlabefierī, conlabefactus sum [3]: to be completely shattered; break down; collapse

dēprimō, dēprimere, dēpressī, dēpressus [3]: to weigh down; sink

ēnītor, ēnītī, ēnīsus sum [3/dep]: to strain; force one's way out; struggle

coniūnctus, -a, -um: joined together; acting in concert; united

[iii]

imprūdēns, imprūdentis: off guard; unaware; unsuspecting

inpedītus, -a, -um: pinned down; hampered; disabled; entangled

praefrāctus, -a, -um: broken off in front; shattered

[iv]

comminus: at close quarters; hand-to-hand

ēminus: from a distance; from afar; at long range

dē imprōvīsō: unexpectedly; suddenly

(5) neque vērō coniūnctī Albīcī comminus pugnandō dēficiēbant neque multum cēdēbant virtūte nostrīs.

(6) simul ex minōribus nāvibus magna vīs ēminus missa tēlōrum multa nostrīs dē imprōvīsō imprūdentibus atque inpedītīs vulnera īnferēbant.

(7) cōnspicātaeque nāvēs trirēmēs duae nāvem D. Brūtī, quae ex īnsignī facile agnōscī poterat, duābus ex partibus sēsē in eam incitāverant.

(8) sed tantum rē prōvīsā Brūtus celeritāte nāvis ēnīsus est ut parvō mōmentō antecēderet.

(9) illae adeō graviter inter sē incitātae cōnflīxērunt, ut vehementissimē utraque ex concursū labōrārent, altera vērō praefrāctō rōstrō tōta conlabefieret.

(10) quā rē animadversa, quae proximae eī locō ex Brūtī classe nāvēs erant, in eās inpedītās impetum faciunt celeriterque ambās dēprimunt.

Identify the sections of the passage (5) – (10) which refer to:

a shattered ship _____

a specific type of ship _____

a violent collision _____

anticipating actions _____

attacking from two sides _____

broken battering ram _____

catching sight of a ship _____

caught off guard _____

close combat _____

displays of courage _____

identifying a ship by its standard _____

long-range weapons _____

many wounded men _____

nearby ships _____

sinking ships _____

smaller vessels _____

using the speed of the ship _____

____________________

a shattered ship: 9; tōta conlabefieret

a specific type of ship: 7; nāvēs trirēmēs

a violent collision: 9; graviter inter sē … cōnflīxērunt

anticipating actions: 8; rē prōvīsā

attacking from two sides: 7; duābus ex partibus sēsē in eam incitāverant

broken battering ram: 9; praefrāctō rōstrō

catching sight of a ship: 7;  cōnspicātaeque … nāvem

caught off guard: 6; imprūdentibus

close combat: 5; comminus pugnandō

displays of courage: 5;  neque multum cēdēbant virtūte

identifying a ship by its standard:  7; ex īnsignī … agnōscī poterat

long-range weapons: 6; … ēminus missa tēlōrum

many wounded men: 6;  multa nostrīs … vulnera īnferēbant

nearby ships: 10;  proximae eī locō … nāvēs erant

sinking ships: 10;  ambās dēprimunt

smaller vessels: 6;  ex minōribus nāvibus

using the speed of the ship: 8;  celeritāte nāvis