30. A) haughty and caused miseries for the people
- The question is worded slightly differently from the answer
but the key words are in the sentence: Plēbēs miseriās et labōrēs
habēbant quod Tarquinius erat rēx superbissimus
31. B) more savage things
- comparative: ātrōciōra
32. C) shut out the king
- claudere portās Rōmae contrā rēgem;
- literally: shut the gates of Rome against the king
33. C) stir up the soldiers against the king
- contrā rēgem mīlitēs Ardeae incitāvērunt
- incitō, -āre [1]: incite; stir up
34. B) Tarquinius already had established him as commander
of Rome
- quī anteā ¦ ā rēge [ablative of agent] ¦ praefectus Rōmae creātus erat
- creātus erat; pluperfect passive; literally: … who had been created (made / chosen as) commander of Rome ¦ by the king
- anteā: previously / before
35. D) was traveling
- iter faciō, -ere: travel
36. D) After these events were reported to the king
- Postquam haec ad rēgem relāta sunt
- postquam: after
- relāta sunt: perfect passive < referō, referre
37. B) put down the revolt
- rēs novās comprimere voluit
- rēs, -eī [5/f]: the noun can have many different meanings including the basic ‘thing’ or ‘object’, but also, for example, ‘event’, ‘matter’, ‘circumstances’. Context will determine the best choice. However, in this passage, rēs novae – literally ‘new circumstances’ – refers to revolt or revolution.
- comprimō, -ere [3]: repress; restrain
38. C) avoid facing Tarquinius
- obvius esse Tarquiniō nōluit
- obvius esse (+ dat.): while the vocabulary list gives the expression as ‘meet’, it can be associated with going to face somebody or a situation that is potentially negative
39. D) the gates were closed and exile was ordered
- … portae Tarquiniō clausae erant exsiliumque indictum est.
- clausus, -a, -um: perfect passive participle < claudō, -ere [3]
40. A) Brutus was praised by the happy citizens
- Brūtus … ā cīvibus laetīs ¦ laudātus est.
- perfect passive: laudātus est
- ablative of agent: ā civibus laetīs