27.10.26: Level 3+; P. Cornelius Lentulus: The Story Of A Roman Boy [4]

LXIV. LENTULUS REACHES HOME; PUBLIUS VISITS POMPEII WITH HIS FATHER

Part One

Using the English translation, complete the Latin text with the verbs listed at the end of the exercise; note the occasional changes in word order.

[i]

After a few days, the ship of Marcus Cornelius Lentulus (1) made for the harbour of Misenum, a harbour which (2) is situated not far from Pompeii; in this harbour the Roman fleet (3) was stationed and (4) was being equipped for naval battles. There ships of every kind (5) could (6) be seen.

Post paucōs diēs nāvis M. Cornēlī Lentulī portum Misēnī (1) __________, quī portus nōn longē ā Pompēiīs (2) __________; quō in portū classis Rōmāna (3) __________ et ad pugnās nāvālēs (4) __________. Ibi nāvēs omnium generum (6) __________ (5) __________.

[ii]

And now, with incredible speed, the long ship in which Lentulus (7) was being carried (8) drew near to the shore; for (9) it was driven not only by the wind but also by the oars. On the high stern (10) stood the helmsman, and not far away some Roman soldiers with splendid weapons, among whom Lentulus (11) was the most distinguished.

Iamque incrēdibilī celeritāte nāvis longa quā Lentulus (7) __________ litorī (8) __________; nam nōn sōlum ventō sed etiam rēmīs (9) __________. In altā puppe (10) __________ gubernātor et nōn procul aliquī mīlitēs Rōmānī cum armīs splendidīs, inter quōs clārissimus (11) __________ Lentulus.

[iii]

Then the slaves (12) ceased (13) straining at the oars; the sailors (14) hauled in the sail and (15) cast the anchors. Lentulus immediately (16) disembarked from the ship and (17) hurried to his villa. Julia, Publius, and the whole family (18) welcomed him. What embraces, what great joys there (19) were!

Deinde servī rēmīs (13) __________ (12) __________; nautae vēlum (14) __________ et ancorās (15) __________. Lentulus statim ē nāvī (16) __________ et ad villam suam (17) __________. Eum Iūlia, Pūblius, tōtaque familia (18) __________. Quī complexus, quanta gaudia (19) __________!

adpropinquāvit; cessāvērunt; cōnspicī; contendere; contrāxērunt; egressus est; erat; excēpērunt; fuērunt; iēcērunt; impellēbātur; ōrnābātur; petiit; pōnēbātur; poterant; properāvit; situs est; stābat; vehēbātur

Part Two

Translate:

Postrīdiē eius diēī Lentulus fīliō suō dīxit: “Venī, mī Pūblī, mēcum. Pompēiōs iter hodiē faciam. Māter tua suādet ut frūctūs et cibāria emam. Namque plūrēs amīcōs ad cēnam vocāvimus et multīs rēbus egēmus. Ea hortātur ut quam prīmum proficīscāmur.”

Part Two: notes on the subjunctive

Subjunctive: indirect command; ut + subjunctive after verbs of ordering, advising, urging

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20indirect%20commands

[i] Māter tua suādet ut frūctūs et cibāria emam.

• Your mother advises that I buy fruit and provisions [ = advises me to buy …]

[ii] Ea hortātur ut quam prīmum proficīscāmur.

• She urges that we set out as soon as possible [ = urges us to set out…]

Part Three

“Libenter, mī pater,” inquit Pūblius; “tēcum esse mihi semper est grātum; nec Pompēiōs umquam vīdī. Sine morā proficīscī parātus sum.”

Tum celeriter currum cōnscendērunt et ad urbis mūrōs vectī sunt. Stabiānā portā urbem ingressī sunt. Pūblius strātās viās mīrātur et saxa altiōra quae in mediō disposita erant et altās orbitās* quās rotae inter haec saxa fēcerant. Etiam strepitum mīrātur, multitūdinem, carrōs, fontēs, domōs, tabernās, forum cum statuīs, templīs, reliquīsque aedificiīs pūblicīs.

*orbita, -ae [1/f]: (wheel) rut i.e. a mark in the ground made by a wheel

[1] Identify the case of the words below and briefly explain why these cases are being used in the context of the passage:

[i] haec

[ii] mī

[iii] mihi

[iv] portā

[v] quae

[vi] tēcum

[vii] urbis

[2] Give an example from the text of a:

[i] deponent infinitive

[ii] perfect passive verb

[iii] perfect tense deponent verb

[iv] pluperfect verb

[v] present tense deponent verb

____________________

Part One

(1) petiit

(2) situs est

(3) pōnēbātur

(4) ōrnābātur

(5) cōnspicī

(6) poterant

(7) vehēbātur

(8) adpropinquāvit

(9) impellēbātur

(10) stābat

(11) erat

(12) cessāvērunt

(13) contendere

(14) contrāxērunt

(15) iēcērunt

(16) egressus est

(17) properāvit

(18) excēpērunt

(19) fuērunt

Part Two

Postrīdiē eius diēī ¦ Lentulus fīliō suō dīxit | On the day after that (1) ¦ Lentulus said to his son (1)

Venī, mī Pūblī, mēcum. | “Come with me, my Publius.” (1)

Pompēiōs iter hodiē faciam. | “Today I shall go / journey to Pompeii.” (1)

Māter tua suādet ¦ ut frūctūs et cibāria emam. | “Your mother advises” (1) ¦ “that I buy fruit and provisions.” (1)

Namque plūrēs amīcōs ad cēnam vocāvimus ¦ et multīs rēbus egēmus. | “For we have invited several friends to dinner” (1) ¦ “and we need many things.” (1)

Ea hortātur ¦ ut quam prīmum proficīscāmur. | “She urges us” (1) ¦ “to set out as soon as possible.” (1)

Part Three

[1]

[i] haec

case: accusative

reason: agrees with saxa, which is governed by the preposition inter

[ii] mī

case: vocative

reason: direct address

[iii] mihi

case: dative

reason: indirect object with grātum est; pleasing to me

[iv] portā

case: ablative

reason: means by which; by / through the gate

[v] quae

case: nominative

reason: subject of erant; referring to saxa

[vi] tēcum

case: ablative

reason: governed by the preposition cum

[vii] urbis

case: genitive

reason: possession; walls of the city

[2]

[i] proficīscī

[ii] vectī sunt

[iii] ingressī sunt

[iv] fēcerant

[v] mīrātur

26.10.26: topic; architecture [12]; Comenius (1658) LXXIII; The Stove with the Bedroom.

The aim of the Comenius texts is to allow you to talk in Latin about things around you. As always, speaking the language reinforces vocabulary by putting it into context, but specifically contexts that apply to our world. We will work through Comenius’ 17^th century description of a bedroom and compare the vocabulary to its interpretation both in the ancient world and how it is specifically applied in Neo-Latin with links to the Neo-Latin Lexicon.

The Stove with the bedroom | Hypocaustum cum dormītōriō.

The stove, | Hypocaustum, (1)

is beautified | ornātur

with an arched roof, | laqueārī, (2)

and wainscoted walls | & tabulātīs parietibus (3).

It is enlightened | Īllūminātur

with windows | fenestrīs (4).

It is heated | Calefit

with an oven | fornāce (5).

Its utensils are | Eius ūtēnsilia sunt

benches, | scamna (6)

stools, | sellae (7)

tables, | mēnsae (8)

with tressels, | cum fulcrīs (9)

footstools, | ac scabellīs (10)

and cushions | & culcitrīs (11).

There are also tapestries | Appenduntur etiam

hanged | tapetēs (12).

For soft lodging | Prō levī cubātū,

in a sleeping-room, | in dormitōriō (13)

there is a bed, | est lectus (cubīle) (14)

spread on a bed-stead, | strātus in spondā (15)

upon a straw-pad, | super strāmentum (16)

with sheets, | cum lodicibus (17)

and cover-lids (coverlets) | & strāgulīs (18).

The bolster, | Cervīcāl (19)

is under one’s head | est sub capite.

The bed is covered | Lectus tegitur

with a canopy | canopeō (20).

A chamber-pot, | Matula (21)

is for making water in | est vesicae levandae.

[i]

dormītōrium, -ī [2/n]: sleeping room; dormitory

laquear, -āris [3/n]: panelled ceiling, but can also refer (as here) to an arched / vaulted ceiling

[ii]

supellex, supellectilis [3/f]: domestic utensils; furniture

ūtēnsilia, -ium [3/n/pl]: things for use e.g. utensils, supplies, equipment

[iii]

fornāx, -cis [3/f]: furnace; oven; kiln

hypocaustum, -ī [2/n]: “stove”, referring to a heated room; see “topic; architecture [10]; Comenius (1658) LXXII; partēs domūs (1)” [LINK]

[iv]

mēnsa, -ae [1/f]: table

scabellum, -ī [2/n]: footstool

scamnum, -ī [2/n]: bench; footstool; the noun can refer to a long bench e.g. a pew in a church

sella, -ae [1/f]: seat; chair

matula, -ae [1/f]: [i] a vessel for holding liquids; [ii] chamber pot

Note: the word was also a term of abuse, meaning “simpleton” or “idiot”

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Thesaurus:homo_stultus#Latin

[v]

cubīle, -is [2/n]: bed

lectus, -ī [2/m]: bed

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/bed/

sponda, -ae [1/f]: bed-stead

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/bed__bedstead/

[vi]

strāmentum, -ī [2/n]: in general, the word refers to anything that is spread on the ground, especially straw, but could also apply to bedding hence a straw mattress which the translator gives as “straw-pad”

culcita, or culcitra, -ae [1/f]:   pillow, cushion; mattress, bedding,

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/mattress/

[vii]

cervīcal(e), -ālis [3/n]: pillow, cushion, bolster < cervīx, -cis [3/f]: neck; nape of the neck

pulvīnus, -ī [2/m]: pillow, cushion, bolster < pulvis, pulveris [3/n]: dust; powder i.e. referring to the filling of the pillow

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/pillow/

[viii]

linteum, -ī [2/n]: bed sheet

lōdīx, -cis [3/f]: sheet; blanket; rug (as a bed covering)

strāgulum, -ī [2/n]: bedspread

all listed at: https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/bedcover__sheet/

[ix]

cōnōpēum, -ī [2/n]: [i] mosquito net; [ii] canopy

tapēte, -is [3/n]: cloth (decorative), used as a carpet, or (as in the text) for wall hangings; in another section of Comenius’ work, he uses the noun to refer to the cover for a banqueting table.

25.10.26: Level 1-2 (review): Julia (a Latin Reader) [2]

ĪTALIA

Caeruleum est Ītaliae caelum. Italī caelum caeruleum amant. Britannīs quoque caelum caeruleum grātum est, sed nōn saepe Britanniae caelum caeruleum est. Ītaliae agricolae olīvās et vīneās laudant, iuvencīs albīs agrōs arant. Placidī sunt oculī iuvencōrum. Placidī et pulchrī sunt iuvencī. Ītaliae agricolīs grātī sunt iuvencī. Britannicī agricolae nōn iuvencīs sed equīs agrōs arant. Validī et pulchrī sunt equī magnī.

In Ītaliā clīvī multī sunt. Italī in clīvīs parvīs oppida aedificant. Oppidānī oppida in clīvīs habitant. In campō vīneae et olīvae sunt, in clīvīs oppida. Per campōs viae Rōmānae sunt. Longae et rēctae sunt viae Rōmānae. Oppidānī olīvās et ūvās, agricolae pecūniam dēsīderant. Itaque oppidānī pecūniam agricolīs dant, et per viās Rōmānās agricolae olīvās et ūvās ad oppida in plaustrīs portant.

[1]

caelum, -ī [2/n]: sky

clīvus, -ī [2/m]: hill, slope

equus, -ī [2/m]: horse

oculus, -ī [2/m]: eye

olīva, -ae [1/f]: olive

oppidum, -ī [2/n]: town

oppidānus, -ī [2/m]: townsman

plaustrum, -ī [2/n]: cart

vīnea, -ae [1/f]: vineyard

ūva, -ae [1/f]: grape

[2]

caeruleus, -a, -um: blue

placidus, -a, -um: calm

rēctus, -a, -um: straight

validus, -a, -um: strong

[3]

aedificō, aedificāre [1]: build

arō, arāre [1]: plough

dēsīderō, dēsīderāre [1]: desire

[4]

itaque: and so

___________________

The sky of Italy is blue. The Italians love the blue sky. The blue sky is also pleasing to the Britons, but the sky of Britain is not often blue. The farmers of Italy praise olive trees and vineyards; they plough the fields with white oxen. The eyes of the oxen are calm. The oxen are calm and beautiful. The oxen are pleasing to the farmers of Italy. British farmers plough the fields not with oxen but with horses. The horses are strong and beautiful and large.

In Italy there are many hills. The Italians build towns on small hills. The townspeople live in towns on the hills. In the plain there are vineyards and olive trees; on the hills there are towns. Through the fields there are Roman roads. The Roman roads are long and straight. The townspeople desire olives and grapes; the farmers desire money. And so the townspeople give money to the farmers, and along the Roman roads the farmers carry olives and grapes to the towns in carts.

24.10.26: Level 1 (review); Questions [7] – [12]