13.10.26: Level 3 / 3+ (Review): Hillard & Botting [72] Labours of Hercules (7)

Ōlim in īnsulā quādam, quae prope Hispāniam esse crēdēbātur, habitābat mōnstrum horrendum, Gēryon nōmine, quī tria corpora habēbat: huius pecora gigās et canis, cui duo erant capita, custōdiēbant. Haec cum reportāre iussus esset Herculēs per multās terrās errābat, tandem ad Libyam vēnit, ubi Herculis Columnās posuit; quō in itinere, cum magnopere sōlis ārdōre vexārētur, sagittam in ipsum sōlem ēmisit. Quā audāciā adeō deō placuit ut auream eī lintrem daret, in quā ad illam īnsulam nāvigāvit. Ibi et gigantem et canem ūnā cum ipsō dominō occīdit, tum praedam āvexit: auream autem lintrem sōlī reddidit. Pecora, cum plūrima perīcula superāvisset, tandem reportāvit ad rēgem, ā quō Iūnōnī immolāta sunt.

[1] Why are the following referred to? Give details.

[i] island (2)

[ii] three

[iii] two

[2] What was the role of the giant and the dog? (1)

[3] What had Hercules been ordered to bring back?

[A] Geryon [B] the dog [C] cattle [D] the giant? (1)

[4] What phrase tells you that Hercules’ journey was long? Quote the Latin and give the translation. (2)

[5] What happened in Libya? (1)

[6] Translate: “quō in itinere, cum magnopere sōlis ārdōre vexārētur, sagittam in ipsum sōlem ēmisit. Quā audāciā adeō deō placuit ut auream eī lintrem daret, in quā ad illam īnsulam nāvigāvit.” (10)

[7] Choose the correct form of the Latin words:

There he killed both the giant and the dog together with their master himself, then he carried off the spoil; but he returned the golden boat to the sun. The cattle, when he had overcome very many dangers, he finally brought back to the king, by whom they were sacrificed to Juno.

Ibi et [gigās / gigantem / gigantis] et canem [ūnā / ūnīus / ūnam] cum [ipsō dominō / ipsīus dominī / ipsī domino] occīdit, tum [praeda / praedā / praedam] āvexit: auream autem lintrem [sōlis / sōle / sōlī] reddidit. Pecora / pecus / pecorum], cum [plūrimīs perīculīs / plūrima perīcula / plūrimōrum perīculōrum] superāvisset, tandem reportāvit ad [rēgem / rēge / rēgī], ā [quī / quā / quō] [Iūnōnī / Iūnōnem / Iūnōne] immolāta sunt.

Vocabulary

gigās, gigantis [3/m]: giant 

ārdor, ardōris [3/m]: heat 

linter, lintris [3/f]: boat 

Notes: subjunctive

(1) pluperfect subjunctive

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2026/01/190426-level-3-subjunctive-22-tenses-4.html

cum plūrima perīcula superāvisset, … ∣ after / since he had overcome many dangers, …

(2) passive subjunctive forms

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20passive%20%2F%20deponent

Haec cum reportāre iussus esset, … ∣ after / since he had been ordered to bring these things back,

cum magnopere sōlis ārdōre vexārētur, … ∣  while / since he was being greatly troubled by the heat of the sun

(3) result clauses

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20result

… adeō deō placuit ut auream eī lintrem daret, …

… he pleased the god … to such an extent that he gave him a boat, … / he so pleased the god … that he gave him …

____________________

[1]

[i] home of Geryon (1), a horrible monster (1)

[ii] the monster had three bodies (1)

[iii] the dog had two heads (1)

[2] guarded Geryon’s cattle (1)

[3] [C] cattle (1)

[4] per multās terrās errābat (1) ⃒ he wandered through many lands (1)

[5] he set up the Columns / Pillars of Hercules (1)

[6] On this journey (1), when he was being greatly troubled (1) by the heat of the sun (1), he shot an arrow (1) at the sun itself (1). By this boldness (1) he pleased the god so much (1) that he gave him a golden boat (1), in which he sailed (1) to that island (1).

[7] Ibi et gigantem et canem ūnā cum ipsō dominō occīdit, tum praedam āvexit: auream autem lintrem sōlī reddidit. Pecora, cum plūrima perīcula superāvisset, tandem reportāvit ad rēgem, ā quō Iūnōnī immolāta sunt.

____________________

Once upon a time, on a certain island, which was believed to be near Spain, there lived a dreadful monster, by the name of Geryon, who had three bodies, and his cattle were being guarded by a giant and a dog, which had two heads.

When Hercules had been ordered to bring these back, he wandered through many lands; at last he came to Libya, where he set up the Pillars of Hercules. On this journey, when he was being greatly troubled by the heat of the sun, he shot an arrow at the sun itself. By this boldness he pleased the god so much that he gave him a golden boat, in which he sailed to that island.

There he killed both the giant and the dog together with their master himself, then he carried off the spoil; but he returned the golden boat to the sun. The cattle, after he had overcome very many dangers, he finally brought back to the king, by whom they were sacrificed to Juno.

12.10.26: topic: architecture [9]; The Roman House [4]; from the authors

[i] Occlude iānuam (Plautus)

• Bolt the door.

[ii] Sed quis hic est, quem astantem videō ante ōstium? (Plautus)

• But who is this I see standing in front of the door?

[iii] Pultābō forīs (Plautus); note the alternative accusative plural forīs or forēs

• I’ll knock at the door.

[iv] Exī ē culīnā sīs forās (Plautus)

• Get out of the kitchen, will you, outside.

[v] est etiam hīc ōstium aliud postīcum nostrārum hārunc* aedium (Plautus); *hārunc (early Latin) = hārum

• There is also here another back entrance of this house of ours.

[vi] Cūr nōn intrō eō in nostram domum? (Plautus)

• Or why don't I go inside our house?

[vii] Ubi tū cubuistī? / In eōdem lectō tēcum ūnā in cubiculō (Plautus)

• Where did you sleep? / In the same bed, together with you, in the bedroom.

[viii] Clōdī vestibulum vacuum sānē mihi nūntiābātur (Cicero)

• I have just had news that Clodius’ hall is utterly deserted.

[ix] Note Cicero’s use of triclinium to refer to the couch on which somebody dined rather than the location:

Exōrnat amplē magnificēque trīclīnium (Cicero)

He decorates a couch abundantly and magnificently.

[x] postquam in cūnās conditust, dēvolant anguēs iubātī deorsum impluvium duo maximī (Plautus)

•  After he was laid in the cradle, two immense crested serpents glided down in through the skylight; instantly they both reared their heads.

[xi] intrōdūcēs eōs in domum Dominī in ūnam exedram thēsaurōrum et dabis eīs bibere vīnum (Vulgate)

• Bring them into the house of Yahweh, into one side room, and give them wine to drink

[xii] aestāte apertīs cubiculī foribus ac saepe in peristȳliō … cubābat (Suetonius)

• In summer, he lay with the doors of his bedchamber open, and frequently in a piazza …

[xiii] Tablīnum locus proximus ātriō ā tabulīs appellātus (Diaconus)

• The tablinum, the place nearest to the atrium, is named from the tablets.

[xiv] Petrus autem sequēbātur eum ā longē usque in ātrium prīncipis sacerdōtum et ingressus intrō sedēbat cum ministrīs …  (Vulgate)

• But Peter followed him from a distance, to the court of the high priest, and having entered, he sat with the officers.

[xv] … duo signa pulcherrima … quae multōs annōs ante valvās Iūnōnis Samiae stetērunt (Cicero)

• … the two most beautiful statues … which stood for many years before the folding doors of the Samian Juno

[xvi] Inde ambulāvit in lītore. Post h. VIII in balneum (Cicero) 

• Then he walked on the shore. After the eighth hour he took his bath [ = (he went) into the bath house].

[xvii] Tam altī abdīcitque sēcrētī illa ratiō, quod interiacēns andrōn parietem cubiculī hortīque distinguit (Pliny)

• The reason for so deep and withdrawn a seclusion is that an intervening corridor separates the wall of the bedroom from the garden.

[xviii] "Apage tē" inquit "fētōrem extrēmae lātrīnae" (Apuleius)

• “Away with you!” he said, “you stench of the bottom of the latrine!”

[xix] coquī abstulērunt, comprehendite, vincite, verberāte, in puteum condite (Plautus)

•  "The cooks have stolen it! Collar 'em! Tie 'em up! Thrash 'em! Throw 'em in the dungeon!" 

[xx] The following quotation shows the original meaning of faucēs which, apart from referring to the narrow passageway at the entrance of a house, also means ‘throat’:

miserum est opus, igitur dēmum fodere puteum, ubi sītis faucēs tenet (Plautus)

• It is a wretched task: only then, indeed, to dig a well when thirst grips the throat.

[xxi] circāque in porticibus argentāriae tabernae maeniānaque superiōribus coaxātiōnibus conlocentur (Vitruvius)

• and the bankers' shops are to be situated in the surrounding porticos with apartments on the upper floors over them

coassātiō (coax-), -ōnis [3/f]: joining of boards together i.e. a boarded floor

porticus, -ūs [4/f]: colonnade; arcade

11.10.26: Level 1-2 (review): Julia (a Latin Reader) [1] (1)

IŪLIA

Iūlia puella parva est. Prope ōram maritimam habitat. Britannia est Iūliae patria. Puellae Britannicae ōram maritimam amant. Nautās quoque amant puellae Britannicae. Iūlia est fīlia agricolae et casam parvam habitat. Sed Iūlia ōram maritimam et nautās amat. Nautae quoque Iūliam amant. Saepe prope ōram maritimam Iūlia ambulat. Nautārum fīliae cum Iūliā ambulant, et prope ōram maritimam saltant.

Multae rosae sunt prope Iūliae casam. Rosīs aquam dat Iūlia. Saepe Iūlia rosās nautīs dat. Agricola Iūliam nōn culpat sed laudat, quod rosās pulchrās nautīs dat. Rubrae et albae sunt rosae. Saepe Iūlia ad nautārum casās rosās pulchrās portat. Nautae puellam parvam laudant.

[1]

agricola, -ae [1/m]: farmer

Britannia, -ae [1/f]: Britain

casa, -ae [1/f]: house, cottage

fīlia, -ae [1/f]: daughter

Iūlia, -ae [1/f]: Julia

nauta, -ae [1/m]: sailor

ōra, -ae [1/f]: shore, coast

patria, -ae [1/f]: country, homeland

puella, -ae [1/f]: girl

rosa, -ae [1/f]: rose

[2]

albus, -a, -um: white

Britannicus, -a, -um: British

maritimus, -a, -um: of the sea, maritime

multus, -a, -um: many, much

parvus, -a, -um: small

pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum: beautiful

ruber, rubra, rubrum: red

[3]

ambulō, ambulāre [1]: walk

amō, amāre [1]: love

culpō, culpāre [1]: blame

dō, dare [1]: give

habitō, habitāre [1]: live, dwell

laudō, laudāre [1]: praise

portō, portāre [1]: carry

saltō, saltāre [1]: dance

sum, esse [irregular]: be

[4]

ad (+ acc.): to, towards

cum (+ abl.): with

prope (+ acc.): near

et: and

sed: but

quod: because

nōn: not

quoque: also

saepe: often

____________________

Julia is a small girl. She lives near the seashore. Britain is Julia’s homeland. British girls love the seashore. The British girls also love sailors. Julia is the daughter of a farmer and lives in a small cottage. But Julia loves the seashore and the sailors. The sailors also love Julia. Julia often walks near the seashore. The daughters of the sailors walk with Julia, and they dance near the seashore.

There are many roses near Julia’s cottage. Julia gives water to the roses. Julia often gives roses to the sailors. The farmer does not blame Julia but praises her, because she gives beautiful roses to the sailors. The roses are red and white. Julia often carries beautiful roses to the sailors’ cottages. The sailors praise the little girl.