16.02.27: Level 1; First Latin Lessons (4); genitive case: 1st declension; singular and plural

I: Agricola est amīcus nautae.⁠ Nauta est amīcus poētae. Poēta est amīcus fīliārum tuārum.⁠ Fīliae tuae poētam amant.

II: Poēta incola Americae est. Sed Italia est patria poētae. Poēta fīliam habet. America est patria fīliae poētae. Poēta Italiam amat. Fīlia poētae Americam amat.

III: Incolae īnsulārum sunt agricolae et nautae. Vīta agricolārum vīta bona est. Poētae saepe vītam agricolārum laudant. Vītam nautārum interdum laudāmus. Nautae multās terrās vident. Sed vīta nautārum perīculōsa est.

IV: Nauta amīcus agricolae est. Soror mea epistulam puellae habet. Hibernia patria nautae est. Soror parvārum puellārum epistulās scrībit. Incolae īnsulae nautae sunt. Incolae multārum īnsulārum agricolae sunt.

(1) vocabulary

• amīcus: friend (male)
• bona: good
• incola: inhabitant
• interdum: sometimes
• laudant: (they) praise
• nauta: sailor
• perīculōsa: dangerous
• poēta: poet
• vident: (they) see
• vīta: life

(2) The genitive case has a number of uses, one of which expresses possession, the equivalent of English:

The sailor’s friend; an inhabitant of America; the farmers’ life; the inhabitants of the islands

• amīcus nautae | a friend of the sailor [ = the sailor’s friend]
• incola Americae | an inhabitant of America
• vīta agricolārum | The life ¦ of the farmers [ = the farmers’ life]
• incolae īnsulārum | inhabitants of the islands

This text deals with the genitive case of 1^st declension nouns:

1^st declension: nouns end in -a

Nominative singular: puella

[i] Genitive singular: puellae

Nominative plural: puellae

[ii] Genitive plural: puellārum

(4)

[i] genitive case singular: -ae

Agricola est amīcus ¦ nautae.⁠ 

• The farmer is the friend ¦ of the sailor [ = the sailor’s friend]

Soror mea epistulam ¦ puellae ¦ habet.

• My sister has ¦ the girl’s ¦ letter.

America est patria ¦ [i] fīliae ¦ [ii] poētae.

• America is the homeland ¦ [i] of the daughter ¦ [ii] of the poet [ = of the poet’s daughter]

[ii] genitive case plural: -ārum

Vīta ¦ agricolārum ¦ vīta bona est.

• The life ¦ of the farmers [ = the farmers’ life] ¦ is a good life.

The same endings apply to 1^st / 2^nd declension adjectives:

Soror ¦ parvae puellae ¦ epistulās scrībit.

• The sister ¦ of the little girl [ = the little girl’s sister] ¦ writes letters.

Soror ¦ parvārum puellārum ¦ epistulās scrībit.

• The sister ¦ of the little girls [ = the little girls’ sister] ¦ writes letters.

Poēta est amīcus ¦ fīliae tuae.⁠ 

• The poet is a friend ¦ of your daughter [ = your daughter’s friend]

Poēta est amīcus ¦ fīliārum tuārum.⁠ 

• The poet is a friend ¦ of your daughters [ = your daughters’ friend]

Incolae ¦ multārum īnsulārum ¦ agricolae sunt.

• The inhabitants ¦ of many islands ¦ are farmers.

LINKS

01.03.24: genitive case singular and plural of 1st declension nouns

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/10324-genitive-case-singular-and-plural.html

all posts:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/genitive%20case

____________________

I: The farmer is the sailor's friend. The sailor is the poet's friend. The poet is your daughters' friend. Your daughters love the poet.

II: The poet is an inhabitant of America. But Italy is the poet's homeland. The poet has a daughter. America is the homeland of the poet's daughter. The poet loves Italy. The poet's daughter loves America.

III: The inhabitants of the islands are farmers and sailors. The farmers' life is a good life. Poets often praise the farmers' life. We sometimes praise the sailors' life. Sailors see many lands. But the sailors' life is dangerous.

IV: The sailor is the farmer's friend. My sister has the girl's letter. Ireland is the sailor's homeland. The little girls' sister writes letters. The island's inhabitants are sailors. The inhabitants of many islands are farmers.

10.02.27: Level 1; step-by-step; scaffolding [1] introduction; transcript; translation

A language such as Latin most often contains multiple features in a single sentence. Therefore, an important term to remember is cognitive load i.e. the amount of new information that you are dealing with at any one time.

In this video, you will see how one Latin word – ūva (grape) – changes forms depending on how it is used in a sentence.

However, what we have here is an example of scaffolding. Scaffolding ensures that new information is introduced gradually at each stage — explained, modelled, developed, and reinforced through simple exercises with considerable support.

Most importantly, any form of scaffolding has to reflect the level of the learner. In other words, it serves no purpose to include highly complex concepts within a framework for those who are still at the elementary stages.

It isn’t a question of merely learning a single noun; the Latin word for ‘grape’ is easy enough.

The video shows patterns. When you become familiar with those patterns then they can be used with other nouns in order to build and expand on similar phrases or sentences.

We will do this – slowly – over a number of posts.

First of all, here is the transcript and translation.

[A]

[1] ūva | (a) grape

[2]

Quid est hoc? | What is this?

Ūva est. | It’s a grape.

[3]

Estne mālum? | Is it an apple?

Nōn est mālum. | It’s not an apple.

Ūva est. | It’s a grape.

__________

[B]

[4]

ūna ūva | one grape

duae ūvae | two grapes

multae ūvae | many grapes

__________

[C]

[5]

Mihi est ūna ūva. | I have one grape.

Mihi sunt duae ūvae. | I have two grapes.

Mihi sunt multae ūvae. | I have many grapes.

[6]

Ūva mē dēlectat. | I like the grape.

Ūvae mē dēlectant. | I like the grapes.

Ūvae mē valdē dēlectant. | I really like the grapes.

__________

[D]

[7]

Ūvam edō. | I’m eating a grape.

Ūnam ūvam edō. | I’m eating one grape.

Duās ūvās edō. | I’m eating two grapes.

Multās ūvās edō. | I’m eating many grapes.

[8]

Ūvās emō. | I’m buying grapes.

Ūvās in macellō emō. | I buy grapes in the market.

09.02.27: Level 1; First Latin Lessons (3); nominative and accusative cases; 1st declension; plural

I: Soror tua nōn multam pecūniam habet. Sed soror mea multam pecūniam habet. Soror tua pecūniam amat.

II: Agricola parvās fīliās habet. Parvae fīliae agricolam amant. Agricola parvās fīliās amat. Soror mea quoque parvās puellās amat.

III: Epistulae  meae  nōn longae sunt. Sed soror mea epistulās longās scrībit. Soror tua quoque epistulās longās scrībit. Soror mea et soror tua epistulās longās amant.

IV: Britannia et Hibernia magnae īnsulae sunt. Italia et Hispānia terrae  pulchrae  sunt. Hispānia et Italia nōn sunt īnsulae .

V: Eurōpa multās īnsulās habet. Eurōpa terrās pulchrās habet. Eurōpam saepe laudāmus, sed Americam amāmus.

VI: Parva puella epistulās meās habet. Casae  sunt parvae  sed pulchrae . America īnsulās pulchrās habet. Soror mea et soror tua sunt puellae  pulchrae . Patriam meam amō. Patriam tuam amās.

(1) vocabulary

• amāmus: we love
• amant: (they) love
• laudāmus: we praise
• scrībit: (he / she / it) writes
• sunt: (they) are
• Hispania: Spain
• pecūnia: money
• longa: long
• multa: much; multae: many
• saepe: often

(2) The passage focusses on two endings:

[i] -ae

īnsulae | (the) islands

casae | (the) cottages

• Hispānia et Italia nōn sunt īnsulae. | Ireland and Italy are not islands.
• Casae sunt parvae sed pulchrae. | The cottages are small but beautiful.
• Epistulae meae nōn longae sunt. | My letters are not long.

[ii] -ās

• America īnsulās pulchrās habet. | America has beautiful islands.
• Parva puella epistulās meās habet. | The little girl has my letters.

(3) -ae and -ās indicate plural nouns

[i]

Nominative singular: īnsula

• Britannia īnsula est. | Britain is an island.

Nominative plural: īnsulae

• Britannia et Hibernia īnsulae sunt. | Britain and Ireland are islands.

[ii]

Accusative singular: epistulam

• Soror mea epistulam scrībit. | My sister is writing a letter.

Accusative plural: epistulās.

• Soror mea epistulās scrībit. | My sister is writing letters.

(4) 1^st / 2^nd declension adjectives have the same endings:

[i] Nominative plural:

• Parvae fīliae agricolam amant. | The little girls love the farmer.
• Italia et Hispānia terrae pulchrae sunt. | Italy and Spain are beautiful countries.

[ii] Accusative plural:

• Soror mea epistulās longās scrībit. | My sister writes long letters.
• Eurōpa multās īnsulās habet. | Europe has many islands.
• Parva puella epistulās meās habet. | The little girl has my letters.

LINKS

28.02.24: the accusative case (singular and plural) of first declension nouns

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/28_7.html

29.02.24: accusative case plural of first declension nouns

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/29_7.html

all posts:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/accusative%20case

____________________

I: Your sister does not have much / a lot of money. But my sister has much / a lot of money. Your sister loves money.

II: The farmer has small daughters. The small daughters love the farmer. The farmer loves the small daughters. My sister also loves small girls.

III: My letters are not long. But my sister writes long letters. Your sister also writes long letters. My sister and your sister love long letters.

IV: Britain and Ireland are large islands. Italy and Spain are beautiful lands. Spain and Italy are not islands.

V: Europe has many islands. Europe has beautiful lands. We often praise Europe, but we love America.

VI: The small girl has my letters. The houses are small but beautiful. America has beautiful islands. My sister and your sister are beautiful girls. I love my country. You love your country.

07.02.27: Level 4; listening; Nūntiī Latīnī [6]

Ōrdō Global Forest Watch annuam dē statū silvārum tropicālium relātiōnem nūper dīvulgāvit. Annō proximō ārea silvārum maior quam Belgium dispāruit. Silvae maximam partem dēlentur, ut alimenta, sīcut carō bovīna, oleum palmārum, socolāta prōdūcantur. Investīgātōrēs praecipuē propter silvās pluviālēs sollicitī sunt. Plūrimae silvae nātūrālēs caesae sunt in Brasīliā. In ultimīs silvīs Brasiliēnsibus vīvunt aborīginēs, quī numquam cum hominibus occidentālibus cōnsuētūdinēs habuērunt et silvīs dēlētīs habitātiōnēs perdunt. Magnus est interitus silvārum etiam in Columbiā, Boliviā, Āfricā occidentālī. In Ghanā et Lītore Eburneō etiam propter aurifodīnās et cultūram cacaōnis silvae caeduntur.

[i] What annual report did the organisation recently publish?

[ii] How is the previous year’s disappearance of forest emphasised?

[iii] What three specific foodstuffs are being produced? (3)

[iv] What specific type of forest worries researchers?

[v] Where are most forests being cut down?

[vi]

[a] Who lives in these forests?

[b] With whom have they never had contact?

[c] What are they losing?

[vii] Which region of Africa is affected?

[viii]

[a] Apart from Ghana, which other African country is mentioned?

[b] What two reasons are causing the loss of forest in these countries? (2)

____________________

[i] the state of tropical forests

[ii] an area larger than Belgium

[iii] beef (1); palm oil (1); chocolate

[iv] rainforests

[v] Brazil

[vi]

[a] aborigines (indigenous peoples)

[b] Westerners

[c] their homes

[vii] West Africa

[viii]

[a] Ivory Coast

[b] gold mining (1); cocoa cultivation (1)

The organisation Global Forest Watch recently published its annual report on the state of tropical forests. In the previous year (2018), an area of forest larger than Belgium disappeared. Forests are largely being destroyed so that food products such as beef, palm oil, and chocolate can be produced.

Researchers are especially concerned about the rainforests. The greatest number of natural forests have been cut down in Brazil. In the remaining forests of Brazil live indigenous peoples who have never had contact with Westerners, and, as the forests are destroyed, they lose their homes.

There is also extensive destruction of forests in Colombia, Bolivia, and West Africa. In Ghana and the Ivory Coast, forests are also being cut down because of gold mining and the cultivation of cocoa.

15.07.26: Vincent makes the rain go away

Referring to: https://www.facebook.com/reel/979359061766907

[A] transcript / translation

Nisi fallor, │ Unless I am mistaken [or: if I’m not mistaken],

tempestās nunc nōbis appropinquat │ a storm is now approaching us,

et mox │ and soon,

ut vidētur, │ (as) it seems,

mox pluet. │ it will soon rain.

Sed adhūc versāmur in silvā. │ But we are still in the forest.

Nunc sumus in mediā silvā. │ We are now in the middle of the forest.

Quid faciendum est igitur nōbis? │ What, then / therefore, must we do?

Nesciō. │ I don’t know.

Debēmus pergere celerius │ We must / have to continue more quickly

sī volumus mātūrius advenīre ad autoraedam. │ if we want to reach the car sooner / earlier.

Imber, imber, abī nunc! │ Rain, rain, go away now!

Tē ōdī, nōlī redīre! │ I hate you; don't come back!

Lūdere Rochus vult. │ Rocco wants to play.

Imber, abī nunc. │ Rain, go away now.

[B] Notes

I’m focussing on the key areas that matter for the early stages of the language:

[1]

sī: if

nisi: unless; if … not …

adhūc: still

igitur: therefore

mox: soon

nunc: now

quid: what?

ut: various meanings including, here, ‘as’

[2]

in mediā silvā | in the middle of the forest; English uses a noun (‘middle’) but Latin uses an adjective:

medius, -a, -um: middle; central; midway

in mediā urbe | in the centre of the city

[3] verbs:

[a]

sciō: I know

nesciō: I don’t know

Note: this is not a standard way of making a verb negative; nesciō, -īre [4]: ‘to not know’ has its own ‘built-in’ negative; Latin verbs are made negative with the use of nōn + the verb e.g.

In silvā ambulō | I’m walking in the forest

In silvā nōn ambulō | I’m not walking in the forest

[b]

pluit: it rains / is raining

pluet: it will rain

[c]

abeō, -īre [irregular]: go away

redeō, -īre [irregular]: go back; come back; return

Vincent uses imperative (command) forms:

abī! |  go away!

nōlī [+ infinitive]: do not …; imperative (command) form

nōlī redīre! | don’t come back

[d]

debeō, -ēre [2]: to have to

volō, velle [irregular]: to want

What you have to do (or must do), or want to do is in the infinitive:

Debēmus pergere | We have to continue / we must continue

Canis meus lūdere vult. | My dog wants to play.

… volumus …advenīre ad autoraedam | …we want to reach the car

Note: Quid faciendum est … nōbis? | What must we do?

This is a more advanced aspect of Latin grammar that is better left until later. Focus on debeō, -ēre [2]: to have to.

[3] Step up:

Debēmus pergere celerius | We must continue more quickly

sī volumus mātūrius advenīre ad autoraedam | If we want to reach / get to the car sooner / earlier

-ius is used when forming the comparatives of adverbs

celer (adjective): fast > celeriter: quickly

celerius: more quickly

mātūrus (adjective): early

mātūrē (adverb): early; timely

mātūrius: ‘more early’ i.e. earlier / sooner

02.02.27: Level 1; First Latin Lessons (2); adjectives; nominative and accusative cases; 1st declension; singular

I: Agricola parvam fīliam habet. Parva fīlia agricolam amat. Agricola parvam fīliam amat. Soror mea quoque parvam puellam amat.

II: Agricola casam pulchram habet, sed casa nōn magna est. Casa mea quoque parva est. Parvam casam meam amō.

III: Parva puella epistulam habet. Epistula mea est. Cūr parva puella epistulam meam habet?

IV: Patriam meam amō, sed patriam tuam nōn amō. Soror mea patriam tuam amat. Cūr patriam meam nōn amās? Patria tua nōn est America.

V: Britannia īnsula magna et pulchra est. Hibernia quoque est magna et pulchra. Fīlia tua Britanniam et Hiberniam amat.

VI: Soror mea casam pulchram habet. Casa est pulchra sed parva. Parva puella est soror mea. Parvam puellam amō.

(1) vocabulary

• habet: (he / she / it) has
• agricola*: farmer
• casa: cottage
• epistula: letter
• fīlia: daughter
• puella: girl
• parva: small, little
• et: and
• sed: but
• cūr: why

*Although agricola ends in -a, it is masculine in gender; other Latin nouns ending in -a, especially when describing professions associated with males, are masculine e.g. nauta (sailor), aurīga (charioteer)

(2) All of the words in bold in the text are adjectives i.e. they describe a person or thing:

An adjective can be [i] attributive or [ii] predicative

[i] attributive: a little girl; in English the attributive adjective usually comes immediately before the noun. In Latin the attributive adjective may come before or after the noun:

• parva puella | the / a little girl
• īnsula magna | the / a large island
• Britannia īnsula magna et pulchra est. | Britain is a large and beautiful island.

[ii] predicative: the cottage is beautiful; the adjective follows the verb ‘to be’:

• casa est pulchra | the cottage is beautiful
• casa est pulchra sed parva | the cottage is beautiful but small

Latin word order is flexible and so, very often, the verb is at the end of the sentence:

• casa nōn magna est | the cottage is not big

(3) mea: my (or: mine);  tua: your (or: yours)

• epistula mea | my letter
• fīlia tua | your daughter

Because of the flexible word order, a sentence may translate in different ways:

• epistula mea est | it is my letter, or: the letter is mine

Important point:

(4) adjectives agree; their endings will show:

[i] the gender, number (singular / plural) and case of the attributive adjective:

nominative

• parva puella epistulam habet | the little girl has a letter
• Patria tua nōn est America | your homeland is not America

accusative

• parvam puellam amō | I love the little girl
• patriam meam amō | I love my homeland

[ii] the gender and number after the verb ‘to be’; the case will be nominative

• Hibernia quoque est magna et pulchra | Ireland is also large and beautiful

(5) important:

Not all feminine nouns end in -a; soror, for example, is feminine and the adjective agrees with the noun but it is not imitating the noun. These adjectives – known as 1^st / 2^nd declension adjectives – happen to have the same endings as 1^st declension nouns:

• soror mea | my sister

LINKS

28.02.24: introduction to adjectives

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/introduction-to-adjectives-refer-to.html

07.03.24: more on 1st / 2nd declension adjectives

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/070324-more-on-1st-2nd-declension.html

all posts:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/adjectives%3A%201st%20%2F%202nd%20declension

____________________

I: The farmer has a small daughter. The small daughter loves the farmer. The farmer loves the small daughter. My sister also loves a small girl.

II: The farmer has a beautiful cottage, but the cottage is not large. My cottage is also small. I love my small cottage.

III: The small girl has a letter. The letter is mine. Why does the small girl have my letter?

IV: I love my homeland, but I do not love your homeland. My sister loves your homeland. Why do you not love my homeland? Your homeland is not America.

V: Britain is a large and beautiful island. Ireland is also a large and beautiful island. Your daughter loves Britain and Ireland.

VI: My sister has a beautiful cottage. The cottage is beautiful but small. The small girl is my sister. I love the small girl.

02.02.27: Level 4; literature; the Middle Ages; Tempus transit gelidum [2]

A real challenge – but a rewarding one – is translating a song. Not only do you need to keep as close as possible to the original meaning, but also convey the rhymes, and the rhythms of stressed and unstressed syllables. Moreover, the “voice” of a Mediaeval writer should be respected. I have moved from the first post [step #1 translation] which gave a literal rendering, and notes to accompany the Latin original, to [step #2 translation] my own singable version. I’ve thrown in a few archaisms e.g. ‘a-going’, ’meetly’ (suitably; properly), ‘thou art (surrounded)’ together with a common habit in English poetry of losing syllables e.g. ‘am’rous’, ‘flow’ry’ and ‘pow’r’.

[V1]

tém-pŭs trán-sĭt gé-lĭ-dúm │Ícy̆ cóld’s ă-góĭng bý,
mún-dŭs ré-nŏ-vá-tŭr │ Ánd thĕ wórld’s rĕnéwed nŏw;
vérquĕ rédĭt flórĭdúm, │ Flów’ry̆ spríng ĭs grówĭng nígh,
fórmă rébŭs dátŭr. │ Év’ry̆thíng’s ĭn víew nŏw.

ávĭs módŭlátŭr, │ Bírdsŏng ís ă-sóundĭng,
módŭláns lĕtátŭr │ Jóyfŭllý rĕsóundĭng;

ávĭs módŭlátŭr, │ Bírdsŏng ís ă-sóundĭng,
módŭláns lĕtátŭr │ Jóyfŭllý rĕsóundĭng;

lŭcídĭór│ Ănd cléarĕr gróws,
ĕt lénĭór │ Ănd sóftĕr blóws,
ăér iăm sérĕnátŭr; │ Ă sóothĭng áir sŭrróundĭng.

iăm flórĕá, │ Nŏw blóssŏms spróut,
iăm fróndĕá, │ Ănd léaves sprĕad óut;
sĭlvá cŏmís dĕnsátŭr. │ Ĭn gréen thĕ wóod’s ăbóundĭng.

[V2]

Ludunt super gramina │ Gracefully upon the grass,
virgines decore, │ Maids are playing neatly;
quarum nova carmina │ From their lips, new songs shall pass,
dulci sonant ore. │ Sounding oh so sweetly.

annuunt favore │ Birds, they nod assent, and
volucres canore, │ Song is kindly sent, and
favet et odore │ Floral-tinted Earth brings
tellus picta flore. │ Fragrant favoured greetings.

cor igitur │ Thus thou, the heart,
et cingitur │ Surrounded art,
et tangitur amore, │ And touched by love discreetly.

Virginibus │With maidens fair,
et avibus │ Birds in the air,
strepentibus sonore. │Together singing meetly.

[V3]

Tendit modo retia │ Now his nets he starts to spread;
Puer pharetratus; │ Boy, a quiver wearing,
Cui deorum curia │ Godly court lies overhead,
Prebet famulatus; │ Servitude declaring.

Cuius dominatus │ And his realm, a-snaring,
Nimium est latus; │ Is too much for bearing;
Per hunc triumphatus │ By the boy defeated,
Sum et sauciatus; │ And with wounds I’m greeted.

Pugnaveram, │ For I had fought,
Et fueram │ At first I’d thought
In primis reluctatus; │ There might be naught between us;

Sed iterum │ Yet now, once more,
Per puerum │ I’m thrown before,
Sum Veneri prostratus. │ The am’rous pow’r o' Venus.

01.02.27: Level 4; literature; the Middle Ages; Tempus transit gelidum [1]

The first song in the album entitled Carmina Burana: The Original Ones | Medieval Dances and Songs

Carmina Veris et Amoris: Songs of Spring and Love

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iq0nloMq6Nw&t=460s

Tempus transit gelidum (from the Codex Buranus c. 11^th – 12^th century)

Many Mediaeval songs are ‘wistfully’ performed – this one isn’t!

[i] The usual suspects turn up in the Mediaeval Latin pronunciation:

(1) ae > e

CL: laetatur; ML: letatur

(2)

c + e / i: as /ch/ (although there can be variants of that e.g. /s/ or /ts/)

lucidior: CL [lukidior]; ML [luchidior]

c + a / o / u retain hard /k/

carmina [karmina]; comis [komis]; cor [kor]; decore [dekore]

(3) g + e / i pronounced as a soft /g/ not hard

gelidum: CL [gelidum]; ML [jelidum]

igitur: CL [igitur]; ML  [ijitur]

cingitur: CL [kingitur]; ML [chinjitur]

(4) gn as /ny/ or Spanish ñ

pugnaveram [punyaveram]

(5) v as /v/ and not as CL /u/

renovatur: CL [renouatur]; ML [renovatur]

[ii] Differences in Classical Latin long and short vowels – together with Classical stress rules – are thrown out in the rhythmic “Spring” cleaning!

[iii] Interestingly: the song is for a female performer despite which her experiences with the boys are in masculine form!

fueram reluctatus │ I had been reluctant

sum Veneri prostratus │ I have been prostrated to Venus

[V1]

tém-pŭs trán-sĭt gé-lĭ-dúm │ The ice-cold season / time is passing

mún-dŭs ré-nŏ-vá-tŭr │ the world is (being) renewed

vérquĕ rédĭt flórĭdúm, │ and the flowering spring returns,

fórmă rébŭs dátŭr. │ form is given to things.

ávĭs módŭlátŭr, │ The bird sings, [modulor, -āri (1/deponent): sing; play a tune]

módŭláns ¦ lĕtátŭr │ while singing ¦ it rejoices. [CL: laetor, -ārī (1/deponent):  rejoice; could also translate as a passive i.e. it is gladdened / made joyful]

ávĭs módŭlátŭr, │ The bird sings,

módŭláns ¦ lĕtátŭr │ while singing ¦ it rejoices.

lŭcídĭór │ Clearer

ĕt lénĭór │ and softer,

ăér iăm sérĕnátŭr; │ the air is made calm;

iăm flórĕá, │ now flowering,

iăm fróndĕá, │ now leafy / covered with leaves,

sĭlvá cŏmís dĕnsátŭr. │ the wood is made thick with foliage.

[V2]

Ludunt super gramina /  virgines decore, │ Upon the grass the maidens play elegantly

quarum nova carmina │ whose new songs

dulci sonant ore. │ sound from a sweet mouth.

annuunt favore /  volucres canore, │ The birds with good will and (with) singing nod approval [annuō / adnuō, -ere (3): nod assent / approval / consent]

favet et odore / tellus picta flore. │ and by its scent the Earth painted with flower(s) is favourable / looks kindly (on them).

cor igitur │ the heart, therefore,

et cingitur │ is both surrounded

et tangitur amore, │ and (is) touched by love

virginibus │ with maidens

et avibus │ and (with) birds

strepentibus sonore. │ humming with sound.

[V3]

Tendit modo retia │ Now he spreads the / (his) nets

puer pharetratus; │ the boy wearing a quiver [pharetra, -ae (1/f): quiver]

cui deorum curia │ to whom the court of the gods

prebet famulatus, │ offers servitude

cuius dominatus │ whose rule / absolute power

nimium est latus, │ is too much to bear [literally: is borne too much]

per hunc triumphatus / sum et sauciatus: │ through him I am conquered and injured

pugnaveram │ I had fought [pluperfect]

et fueram │ and I had been [pluperfect]

in primis reluctatus, │ at first reluctant [fueram reluctatus < reluctor, -āre (1/deponent): resist; I had resisted / fight back]

sed iterum │ but again

per puerum │ by the boy

sum Veneri prostratus. │ I have been prostrated to Venus [prōsternō, -ere, -strāvī, -strātus (3): overthrow; knock down]

Images: the original text (starting from the bottom of the first page)