16.02.27: Level 1; First Latin Lessons (4); genitive case: 1st declension; singular and plural

I: Agricola est amīcus nautae.⁠ Nauta est amīcus poētae. Poēta est amīcus fīliārum tuārum.⁠ Fīliae tuae poētam amant.

II: Poēta incola Americae est. Sed Italia est patria poētae. Poēta fīliam habet. America est patria fīliae poētae. Poēta Italiam amat. Fīlia poētae Americam amat.

III: Incolae īnsulārum sunt agricolae et nautae. Vīta agricolārum vīta bona est. Poētae saepe vītam agricolārum laudant. Vītam nautārum interdum laudāmus. Nautae multās terrās vident. Sed vīta nautārum perīculōsa est.

IV: Nauta amīcus agricolae est. Soror mea epistulam puellae habet. Hibernia patria nautae est. Soror parvārum puellārum epistulās scrībit. Incolae īnsulae nautae sunt. Incolae multārum īnsulārum agricolae sunt.

(1) vocabulary

• amīcus: friend (male)
• bona: good
• incola: inhabitant
• interdum: sometimes
• laudant: (they) praise
• nauta: sailor
• perīculōsa: dangerous
• poēta: poet
• vident: (they) see
• vīta: life

(2) The genitive case has a number of uses, one of which expresses possession, the equivalent of English:

The sailor’s friend; an inhabitant of America; the farmers’ life; the inhabitants of the islands

• amīcus nautae | a friend of the sailor [ = the sailor’s friend]
• incola Americae | an inhabitant of America
• vīta agricolārum | The life ¦ of the farmers [ = the farmers’ life]
• incolae īnsulārum | inhabitants of the islands

This text deals with the genitive case of 1^st declension nouns:

1^st declension: nouns end in -a

Nominative singular: puella

[i] Genitive singular: puellae

Nominative plural: puellae

[ii] Genitive plural: puellārum

(4)

[i] genitive case singular: -ae

Agricola est amīcus ¦ nautae.⁠ 

• The farmer is the friend ¦ of the sailor [ = the sailor’s friend]

Soror mea epistulam ¦ puellae ¦ habet.

• My sister has ¦ the girl’s ¦ letter.

America est patria ¦ [i] fīliae ¦ [ii] poētae.

• America is the homeland ¦ [i] of the daughter ¦ [ii] of the poet [ = of the poet’s daughter]

[ii] genitive case plural: -ārum

Vīta ¦ agricolārum ¦ vīta bona est.

• The life ¦ of the farmers [ = the farmers’ life] ¦ is a good life.

The same endings apply to 1^st / 2^nd declension adjectives:

Soror ¦ parvae puellae ¦ epistulās scrībit.

• The sister ¦ of the little girl [ = the little girl’s sister] ¦ writes letters.

Soror ¦ parvārum puellārum ¦ epistulās scrībit.

• The sister ¦ of the little girls [ = the little girls’ sister] ¦ writes letters.

Poēta est amīcus ¦ fīliae tuae.⁠ 

• The poet is a friend ¦ of your daughter [ = your daughter’s friend]

Poēta est amīcus ¦ fīliārum tuārum.⁠ 

• The poet is a friend ¦ of your daughters [ = your daughters’ friend]

Incolae ¦ multārum īnsulārum ¦ agricolae sunt.

• The inhabitants ¦ of many islands ¦ are farmers.

LINKS

01.03.24: genitive case singular and plural of 1st declension nouns

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/10324-genitive-case-singular-and-plural.html

all posts:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/genitive%20case

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I: The farmer is the sailor's friend. The sailor is the poet's friend. The poet is your daughters' friend. Your daughters love the poet.

II: The poet is an inhabitant of America. But Italy is the poet's homeland. The poet has a daughter. America is the homeland of the poet's daughter. The poet loves Italy. The poet's daughter loves America.

III: The inhabitants of the islands are farmers and sailors. The farmers' life is a good life. Poets often praise the farmers' life. We sometimes praise the sailors' life. Sailors see many lands. But the sailors' life is dangerous.

IV: The sailor is the farmer's friend. My sister has the girl's letter. Ireland is the sailor's homeland. The little girls' sister writes letters. The island's inhabitants are sailors. The inhabitants of many islands are farmers.