Dum haec in Venetīs geruntur, Q. Titurius Sabīnus cum iīs copiīs, quās ā Caesare accēperat, in fīnēs Venellōrum pervēnit. Hīs praeerat Virīdovix atque summum imperium tenēbat eārum omnium cīvitātum quae dēfēcerant; ex eīs exercitum magnāsque copiās coēgerat; atque eīs paucīs diēbus Aulerci Eburovicēs Lexoviīque senātū suō necatō quod auctōrēs bellī esse nōlēbant, portās clausērunt sēque cum Virīdovice coniūnxērunt; magnaque praetereā multitūdō undique ex Galliā perditōrum hominum convēnerat, quōs studium pugnandī ab agrī cultūrā et cotīdiānō labōre revocābat.
[1] gerund
studium pugnandī
| eagerness for fighting
27.05.25: Level 3;
the gerund [1]
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/03/270525-level-3-gerund-1.html
[1] Why is the
present tense being used here?
Dum haec in
Venetīs geruntur, …
Although the
action is in the past tense, dum (while) refers to an action that was
happening at the same time; Latin uses the present tense to convey that the
actions are simultaneous.
[2] Translate the
phrases. What type of word is in bold? Explain the case and number of each one
in context.
[i] cum iīs
copiīs, quās ā Caesare accēperat
[ii] eārum omnium
cīvitātum quae dēfēcerant
[iii] multitūdō …
perditōrum hominum convēnerat, quōs studium pugnandī ab agrī cultūrā …
revocābat.
[3] Translate the
phrase; give the case of the word in bold, and explain why it is being used.
Hīs praeerat Virīdovix
[4] Why is the
ablative case used here?
eīs paucīs
diēbus
[5] Find and note
from the text an example of:
[i] an ablative
absolute
[ii] an enclitic
form
____________________
[2] key
points:
(1) quās,
quae and quōs: relative pronouns introducing relative
/ adjectival clauses
(2)
(a) The
gender and number is determined by the antecedent, the noun that
precedes the relative clause.
(b)
The case is determined by the function of the relative pronoun within
the relative clause.
[i] cum
iīs (a) copiīs [antecedent: feminine plural], (b) quās [feminine
plural accusative] ā Caesare accēperat
with
the troops which he had received from Caesar
[ii]
eārum omnium (a) cīvitātum [antecedent: feminine plural] (b) quae
[feminine plural nominative] dēfēcerant
of
all those states which had revolted
[iii]
multitūdō … perditōrum (a) hominum [antecedent: masculine plural]
convēnerat, (b) quōs [masculine plural accusative] studium
pugnandī ab agrī cultūrā … revocābat.
A
multitude of desperate men had gathered … whom a desire for fighting was
calling away from cultivation of the land…”
[3] Viridovix
was in command of these (troops); hīs: dative plural; the praesum,
praesse: to be in charge / command (of) is followed by the dative case to
indicate the person / thing over which somebody has authority
[4]
ablative of time within which; eīs paucīs diēbus | within
a few days
[5]
[i]
senātū suō necatō
[ii]
sēque
While
these thing [i.e. operations] were being waged against the Veneti, Quintus
Titurius Sabinus arrived in the territory of the Venelli with the troops which
he had received from Caesar. Viridovix was in command of them and held supreme
command of all those states which had revolted; from these he had raised an
army and large forces. Moreover, within a few days, the Aulerci Eburovices and
the Lexovii, after their (own) senate had been killed because they did not wish
to be the instigators of the war, shut their gates and joined themselves to
Viridovix. In addition, a great multitude of desperate men had gathered from
all over Gaul, whom a desire for fighting was calling away from cultivation of
the land and their daily labour.