05.02.27: Comenius XXI; singing birds [2]

others on the (4) boughs of trees | cēterae, in (4) rāmīs arborum

such as the canary-bird,│ ut lūteola peregrīna*.

the chaffinch,│ fringilla,

the goldfinch,│ carduēlis,

the siskin,│ acanthis,

the linnet,│ līnāria,

the little titmouse,│ parvus parus,

the wood-wall,│ galgulus,

the robin-red-breast,│ rubēcula,

the hedge-sparrow, &c.│ currūca, &c.

____________________

*lūteola peregrīna: this expression has an interesting background; see the next post

In the vocabulary images I have listed the noun as fringilla canāria.

vocabulary

rāmus, -ī [2/m]: branch; bough

fringilla, -ae [1/f]: CL: a small bird, possibly a robin or a chaffinch; (Neo-Latin) finch

carduēlis, -is [3/f]: goldfinch

acanthis, -idis [3/f]: siskin: the term for a green and yellow finch, “A little bird of a dark-green color, that lives in the thorn bushes, the thistle-finch or goldfinch” (Lewis & Short)

līnāria, -ae [1/f]: (Neo-Latin) linnet; the word did not exist in CL as a bird name but is derived from līnum, -ī [2/n]: flax (līnārius, -ī [2/m]: linen-weaver). The choice of the term refers to the bird’s fondness for flax seeds.

pārus, -ī [2/m]: tit(mouse); note the definition: “a small passerine bird of the genus Parus”; the term passerine is derived from Latin passer, -is [3/m]: sparrow

galgulus, -ī [2/m]: the translator describes it as a ‘wood-wall’ and Lewis & Short translate the noun as ‘witwall’, but those terms are obsolete; the noun refers to a woodpecker

rubēcula, -ae [1/f]: (Neo-Latin) European robin

currūca, -ae [1/f]: hedge-sparrow; hedge warbler; dunnock

05.02.27: Comenius XXI; singing birds [1]

SINGING BIRDS | OSCINĒS

the (1) nightingal singeth the sweetlyest of all | (1) luscinia cantat suāvissimē omnium

the (2) lark singeth as she flyeth in the air | (2) alauda cantillat volitāns in aere

the (3) quail sitting on the ground | (3) coturnīx sedēns humī

____________________

vocabulary

cantō, -āre [1]: sing; make music

cantillō, -āre [1]: hum, chirp; sing 

oscen, -inis [3 m/f]: singing bird; in Ancient Rome especially a bird whose song or cry was used by augurs to divine omens

alauda, -ae [1/f]: lark; skylark

luscinia, -ae [1/f]: nightingale; philomēla, -ae [1/f]: nightingale (poetic); swallow

cōturnīx, -cis [3/f]: quail

notes

(1) luscinia cantat ¦ suāvissimē ¦ omnium | the nightgale sings ¦ the most sweetly ¦ of all.

adjective

suāvis, -e: sweet

superlative adjective

suāvissimus, suāvissima, suāvissimum: the sweetest; very sweet

superlative adverb

suāvissimē: the most sweetly; very sweetly

suāvissimē ¦ omnium: the most sweetly of (them) all

(2) present active participles:

alauda cantillat ¦ volitāns ¦ in aere | the lark sings ¦ while (it is) flying / as it flies ¦ in the air

… coturnīx ¦ sedēns ¦ humī |  the quail ¦ while (it is) sitting / as it sits ¦ on the ground

04.02.27: Level 2 (review); Carolus et Maria [40] (1)

[1]

Ōlim vesperī magistra cum discipulīs ad silvam it. Cēnam portāvērunt. Secūrēs sūmpsērunt. Puerī arborēs parvās secūribus suīs cecīdērunt frēgēruntque quod ignem facere voluērunt. Post cēnam omnēs circum ignem sē disposuērunt. Intereā discipulī fābulam postulāvērunt. Hōc modō magistra nārrāre incēpit:

[i] When does this scene take place? (1)

[ii] What exactly do the boys want to do with the axes and why? (3)

[iii] What happened after dinner? (1)

[iv] What did the pupils want? (1)

[2]

“Multīs ante annīs per hās ipsās silvās prīmī incolae Americānī errābant. Barbarī ab hostibus Britannīs appellābantur. Saepe apud hōs incolās ignēs huius generis vidēbantur. Apud Britannōs cōnspectus eōrum ignium signum perīculī esse putābātur, quandō ipsī aut fugiēbant aut in castella sē recipiēbant et per vigiliās noctis sine quiēte sē dēfendēbant. Saepe Britannī secūrēs sūmēbant et arborēs caedēbant. Tum castella validiōra faciēbant.

[i] Who used to wander through the forests? (1)

[ii] How does the teacher emphasise that she is discussing the woods where they are now? Quote and translate the Latin phrase. (2)

[iii] What is the meaning of signum perīculī, and to what precisely is the teacher referring? (2)

[iv] How do we know that the British were afraid? (4)

[v] How were the forts made stonger? (1)

____________________

[1]

[i] One evening

[ii] They cut down (1) and broke small trees (1) in order to make a fire (1)

[iii] Everyone gathered around / positioned themselves around the fire.

[iv] a story

[2]

[i] the first American inhabitants

[ii] per hās ipsās silvās (1) |  through these very (same) woods (1)

[iii] a sign of danger (1); the fires made by inhabitants (1)

[iv] They fled (1) or retreated into forts (1) and stayed on guard through the night (1) without sleep (1)

[v] by cutting down trees with axes (1)

03.02.27: Level 1-2 (review): Julia (a Latin Reader) [9] (6)

HORĀTIUS COCLES (6)

Horātius iam in hostibus sōlus manēbat. Sed adhūc impavidus in flūminis rīpā stābat, et Tiberim ōrāvit: "Ō Tiberīne pater, tē omnēs Rōmānī adōrāmus; tē patrem vocāmus; tū hodiē Rōmānī mīlitis vītam cōnservābis, et undīs tuīs tūtum portābis."

Dīxit, et in spūmōsās Tiberīs undās dēsiluit. Multīs vulneribus et onere armōrum fessus, vix in undīs spūmōsīs natāvit, sed Tiberīnus pater tam fortem Rōmānum ad alteram rīpam tulit et tūtum ad cīvēs sollicitōs portāvit.

Magna fuit īra Etrūscōrum, magnum gaudium Rōmānōrum. Nōmen igitur Horātiī inter Rōmānōs et per tōtum orbem terrārum semper erat nōtum et praeclārum, quod prō patriā fortiter pugnāverat. Et omnēs Rōmānī Tiberim flūmen semper adōrābant, et ad flūminis rīpās dōna libenter ferēbant, quia omnium Rōmānōrum est pater, et urbem Rōmam fortemque Rōmānum ē ferōcibus Etrūscīs cōnservāvit.

Amātīsne Graecās Rōmānāsque fābulās? Sī fābulae vōs dēlectant, vōs verba mea in tabulīs scrībite, et magistrō vestrō recitāte. Ita fābulās praeclārās semper memoriā tenēbitis. Post paucōs annōs vōs, iam adolēscentēs, multās aliās fābulās lēgētis.

Horatius was now left alone among the enemy. But still, unafraid, he stood on the river bank and prayed to the Tiber: “O father Tiberinus, all the Romans worship you; we call you father. You today will preserve the life of a Roman soldier, and you will carry me safely on your waters.”

Hanc ōlim veterēs vītam coluēre Sabīnī,

hanc Remus et frāter, sīc fortis Etrūria crēvit

scīlicet et rērum facta est pulcherrima Rōma,

septemque ūna sibi mūrō circumdedit arcēs.

Vergilius, Geōrgicon II.532-535

[i]

nōmen, nōminis [3/n]: name

onus, oneris [3/n]: burden

rīpa, -ae [1/f]: bank

Tiberīnus, -ī [2/m]: the god of the river Tiber

vulnus, vulneris [3/n]: wound

[ii]

dēsiliō, -īre [4]: jump down

dīcō, -ere [3]: say

tulī: part of ferō (I carried / I brought)

[iii]

hodiē: today

vix: scarcely

____________________

He spoke, and leapt into the foaming waves of the Tiber. Weakened by many wounds and the weight of his armour, he scarcely swam in the foaming waters, but Father Tiberinus carried so brave a Roman to the opposite bank and brought him safely to the anxious citizens.

Great was the anger of the Etruscans, great the joy of the Romans. Therefore the name of Horatius was always known and celebrated among the Romans and throughout the whole world, because he had fought bravely for his country. And all the Romans always worshipped the river Tiber and gladly brought gifts to its banks, because it is the father of all Romans, and it preserved the city of Rome and a brave Roman from the savage Etruscans.

Do you love Greek and Roman stories? If stories delight you, write my words in your notebooks and recite them to your teacher. In this way you will always keep famous stories in your memory. After a few years, you, now adolescents, will read many other stories.

Hanc ōlim veterēs vītam coluēre Sabīnī, | At one time ancient Sabines led this life,

hanc Remus et frāter, sīc fortis Etrūria crēvit | and Remus and his brother, thus Etruria grew strong,

scīlicet et rērum facta est pulcherrima Rōma, | no doubt, and Rome became the finest of all things,

septemque ūna sibi mūrō circumdedit arcēs. | and surrounded with a single wall her seven citadels.

Vergilius, Geōrgicon II.532-535

02.02.27: Level 1; First Latin Lessons (2); adjectives; nominative and accusative cases; 1st declension; singular

I: Agricola parvam fīliam habet. Parva fīlia agricolam amat. Agricola parvam fīliam amat. Soror mea quoque parvam puellam amat.

II: Agricola casam pulchram habet, sed casa nōn magna est. Casa mea quoque parva est. Parvam casam meam amō.

III: Parva puella epistulam habet. Epistula mea est. Cūr parva puella epistulam meam habet?

IV: Patriam meam amō, sed patriam tuam nōn amō. Soror mea patriam tuam amat. Cūr patriam meam nōn amās? Patria tua nōn est America.

V: Britannia īnsula magna et pulchra est. Hibernia quoque est magna et pulchra. Fīlia tua Britanniam et Hiberniam amat.

VI: Soror mea casam pulchram habet. Casa est pulchra sed parva. Parva puella est soror mea. Parvam puellam amō.

(1) vocabulary

• habet: (he / she / it) has
• agricola*: farmer
• casa: cottage
• epistula: letter
• fīlia: daughter
• puella: girl
• parva: small, little
• et: and
• sed: but
• cūr: why

*Although agricola ends in -a, it is masculine in gender; other Latin nouns ending in -a, especially when describing professions associated with males, are masculine e.g. nauta (sailor), aurīga (charioteer)

(2) All of the words in bold in the text are adjectives i.e. they describe a person or thing:

An adjective can be [i] attributive or [ii] predicative

[i] attributive: a little girl; in English the attributive adjective usually comes immediately before the noun. In Latin the attributive adjective may come before or after the noun:

• parva puella | the / a little girl
• īnsula magna | the / a large island
• Britannia īnsula magna et pulchra est. | Britain is a large and beautiful island.

[ii] predicative: the cottage is beautiful; the adjective follows the verb ‘to be’:

• casa est pulchra | the cottage is beautiful
• casa est pulchra sed parva | the cottage is beautiful but small

Latin word order is flexible and so, very often, the verb is at the end of the sentence:

• casa nōn magna est | the cottage is not big

(3) mea: my (or: mine);  tua: your (or: yours)

• epistula mea | my letter
• fīlia tua | your daughter

Because of the flexible word order, a sentence may translate in different ways:

• epistula mea est | it is my letter, or: the letter is mine

Important point:

(4) adjectives agree; their endings will show:

[i] the gender, number (singular / plural) and case of the attributive adjective:

nominative

• parva puella epistulam habet | the little girl has a letter
• Patria tua nōn est America | your homeland is not America

accusative

• parvam puellam amō | I love the little girl
• patriam meam amō | I love my homeland

[ii] the gender and number after the verb ‘to be’; the case will be nominative

• Hibernia quoque est magna et pulchra | Ireland is also large and beautiful

(5) important:

Not all feminine nouns end in -a; soror, for example, is feminine and the adjective agrees with the noun but it is not imitating the noun. These adjectives – known as 1^st / 2^nd declension adjectives – happen to have the same endings as 1^st declension nouns:

• soror mea | my sister

LINKS

28.02.24: introduction to adjectives

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/introduction-to-adjectives-refer-to.html

07.03.24: more on 1st / 2nd declension adjectives

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/070324-more-on-1st-2nd-declension.html

all posts:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/adjectives%3A%201st%20%2F%202nd%20declension

____________________

I: The farmer has a small daughter. The small daughter loves the farmer. The farmer loves the small daughter. My sister also loves a small girl.

II: The farmer has a beautiful cottage, but the cottage is not large. My cottage is also small. I love my small cottage.

III: The small girl has a letter. The letter is mine. Why does the small girl have my letter?

IV: I love my homeland, but I do not love your homeland. My sister loves your homeland. Why do you not love my homeland? Your homeland is not America.

V: Britain is a large and beautiful island. Ireland is also a large and beautiful island. Your daughter loves Britain and Ireland.

VI: My sister has a beautiful cottage. The cottage is beautiful but small. The small girl is my sister. I love the small girl.

02.02.27: Level 4; literature; the Middle Ages; Tempus transit gelidum [2]

A real challenge – but a rewarding one – is translating a song. Not only do you need to keep as close as possible to the original meaning, but also convey the rhymes, and the rhythms of stressed and unstressed syllables. Moreover, the “voice” of a Mediaeval writer should be respected. I have moved from the first post [step #1 translation] which gave a literal rendering, and notes to accompany the Latin original, to [step #2 translation] my own singable version. I’ve thrown in a few archaisms e.g. ‘a-going’, ’meetly’ (suitably; properly), ‘thou art (surrounded)’ together with a common habit in English poetry of losing syllables e.g. ‘am’rous’, ‘flow’ry’ and ‘pow’r’.

[V1]

tém-pŭs trán-sĭt gé-lĭ-dúm │Ícy̆ cóld’s ă-góĭng bý,
mún-dŭs ré-nŏ-vá-tŭr │ Ánd thĕ wórld’s rĕnéwed nŏw;
vérquĕ rédĭt flórĭdúm, │ Flów’ry̆ spríng ĭs grówĭng nígh,
fórmă rébŭs dátŭr. │ Év’ry̆thíng’s ĭn víew nŏw.

ávĭs módŭlátŭr, │ Bírdsŏng ís ă-sóundĭng,
módŭláns lĕtátŭr │ Jóyfŭllý rĕsóundĭng;

ávĭs módŭlátŭr, │ Bírdsŏng ís ă-sóundĭng,
módŭláns lĕtátŭr │ Jóyfŭllý rĕsóundĭng;

lŭcídĭór│ Ănd cléarĕr gróws,
ĕt lénĭór │ Ănd sóftĕr blóws,
ăér iăm sérĕnátŭr; │ Ă sóothĭng áir sŭrróundĭng.

iăm flórĕá, │ Nŏw blóssŏms spróut,
iăm fróndĕá, │ Ănd léaves sprĕad óut;
sĭlvá cŏmís dĕnsátŭr. │ Ĭn gréen thĕ wóod’s ăbóundĭng.

[V2]

Ludunt super gramina │ Gracefully upon the grass,
virgines decore, │ Maids are playing neatly;
quarum nova carmina │ From their lips, new songs shall pass,
dulci sonant ore. │ Sounding oh so sweetly.

annuunt favore │ Birds, they nod assent, and
volucres canore, │ Song is kindly sent, and
favet et odore │ Floral-tinted Earth brings
tellus picta flore. │ Fragrant favoured greetings.

cor igitur │ Thus thou, the heart,
et cingitur │ Surrounded art,
et tangitur amore, │ And touched by love discreetly.

Virginibus │With maidens fair,
et avibus │ Birds in the air,
strepentibus sonore. │Together singing meetly.

[V3]

Tendit modo retia │ Now his nets he starts to spread;
Puer pharetratus; │ Boy, a quiver wearing,
Cui deorum curia │ Godly court lies overhead,
Prebet famulatus; │ Servitude declaring.

Cuius dominatus │ And his realm, a-snaring,
Nimium est latus; │ Is too much for bearing;
Per hunc triumphatus │ By the boy defeated,
Sum et sauciatus; │ And with wounds I’m greeted.

Pugnaveram, │ For I had fought,
Et fueram │ At first I’d thought
In primis reluctatus; │ There might be naught between us;

Sed iterum │ Yet now, once more,
Per puerum │ I’m thrown before,
Sum Veneri prostratus. │ The am’rous pow’r o' Venus.

01.02.27: Level 4; literature; the Middle Ages; Tempus transit gelidum [1]

The first song in the album entitled Carmina Burana: The Original Ones | Medieval Dances and Songs

Carmina Veris et Amoris: Songs of Spring and Love

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iq0nloMq6Nw&t=460s

Tempus transit gelidum (from the Codex Buranus c. 11^th – 12^th century)

Many Mediaeval songs are ‘wistfully’ performed – this one isn’t!

[i] The usual suspects turn up in the Mediaeval Latin pronunciation:

(1) ae > e

CL: laetatur; ML: letatur

(2)

c + e / i: as /ch/ (although there can be variants of that e.g. /s/ or /ts/)

lucidior: CL [lukidior]; ML [luchidior]

c + a / o / u retain hard /k/

carmina [karmina]; comis [komis]; cor [kor]; decore [dekore]

(3) g + e / i pronounced as a soft /g/ not hard

gelidum: CL [gelidum]; ML [jelidum]

igitur: CL [igitur]; ML  [ijitur]

cingitur: CL [kingitur]; ML [chinjitur]

(4) gn as /ny/ or Spanish ñ

pugnaveram [punyaveram]

(5) v as /v/ and not as CL /u/

renovatur: CL [renouatur]; ML [renovatur]

[ii] Differences in Classical Latin long and short vowels – together with Classical stress rules – are thrown out in the rhythmic “Spring” cleaning!

[iii] Interestingly: the song is for a female performer despite which her experiences with the boys are in masculine form!

fueram reluctatus │ I had been reluctant

sum Veneri prostratus │ I have been prostrated to Venus

[V1]

tém-pŭs trán-sĭt gé-lĭ-dúm │ The ice-cold season / time is passing

mún-dŭs ré-nŏ-vá-tŭr │ the world is (being) renewed

vérquĕ rédĭt flórĭdúm, │ and the flowering spring returns,

fórmă rébŭs dátŭr. │ form is given to things.

ávĭs módŭlátŭr, │ The bird sings, [modulor, -āri (1/deponent): sing; play a tune]

módŭláns ¦ lĕtátŭr │ while singing ¦ it rejoices. [CL: laetor, -ārī (1/deponent):  rejoice; could also translate as a passive i.e. it is gladdened / made joyful]

ávĭs módŭlátŭr, │ The bird sings,

módŭláns ¦ lĕtátŭr │ while singing ¦ it rejoices.

lŭcídĭór │ Clearer

ĕt lénĭór │ and softer,

ăér iăm sérĕnátŭr; │ the air is made calm;

iăm flórĕá, │ now flowering,

iăm fróndĕá, │ now leafy / covered with leaves,

sĭlvá cŏmís dĕnsátŭr. │ the wood is made thick with foliage.

[V2]

Ludunt super gramina /  virgines decore, │ Upon the grass the maidens play elegantly

quarum nova carmina │ whose new songs

dulci sonant ore. │ sound from a sweet mouth.

annuunt favore /  volucres canore, │ The birds with good will and (with) singing nod approval [annuō / adnuō, -ere (3): nod assent / approval / consent]

favet et odore / tellus picta flore. │ and by its scent the Earth painted with flower(s) is favourable / looks kindly (on them).

cor igitur │ the heart, therefore,

et cingitur │ is both surrounded

et tangitur amore, │ and (is) touched by love

virginibus │ with maidens

et avibus │ and (with) birds

strepentibus sonore. │ humming with sound.

[V3]

Tendit modo retia │ Now he spreads the / (his) nets

puer pharetratus; │ the boy wearing a quiver [pharetra, -ae (1/f): quiver]

cui deorum curia │ to whom the court of the gods

prebet famulatus, │ offers servitude

cuius dominatus │ whose rule / absolute power

nimium est latus, │ is too much to bear [literally: is borne too much]

per hunc triumphatus / sum et sauciatus: │ through him I am conquered and injured

pugnaveram │ I had fought [pluperfect]

et fueram │ and I had been [pluperfect]

in primis reluctatus, │ at first reluctant [fueram reluctatus < reluctor, -āre (1/deponent): resist; I had resisted / fight back]

sed iterum │ but again

per puerum │ by the boy

sum Veneri prostratus. │ I have been prostrated to Venus [prōsternō, -ere, -strāvī, -strātus (3): overthrow; knock down]

Images: the original text (starting from the bottom of the first page)

31.01.27: Level 4; listening; Nūntiī Latīnī [5]

Numerus rhīnocerōtum in mundō inter centum quīndecim et centum trīgintā mīlia esse cēnsētur. Populātiōnī imminent vēnātōrēs clandestīnī, habitātiōnēs rārēscentēs, inquinātiō morbīque. Ante duōs annōs plūs ducentī rhīnocerōtēs in Namibīā anthrace periērunt. In viridāriō natiōnālī Aethiopiae mēnse Aprīlī duodētrīgintā rhīnocerōtēs dē causā adhūc ignōtā mortuī repertī sunt.

[i] The total number of rhinoceros is estimated to be between:

A: 1,500 – 3,000

B: 105,000  - 113,000

C: 115,000 – 130,000

D: 30,000 – 50,000

[ii] In which order are the following causes of death referred to?

disease _____

loss of habitat _____

poaching _____

pollution _____

[iii]

[a] How many rhinoceros died from anthrax?

[b] When did these deaths occur?

[iv]

[a] How many rhinoceros died from unknown causes?

[b] Where did these deaths take place? (2)

[c] When did they take place?

____________________

[i] C

[ii]

disease: 4

loss of habitat: 2

poaching: 1

pollution: 3

[iii]

[a] more than 200

[b] two years ago

[iv]

[a] 28

[b] Ethiopia (1); national park (1)

[c] April

____________________

The number of rhinoceroses in the world is estimated to be between 115,000 and 130,000. The population is threatened by poachers, shrinking habitats, pollution, and disease.

Two years ago, more than 200 rhinoceroses in Namibia died from anthrax. In April, in a national park in Ethiopia, 28 rhinoceroses were found dead from a cause still unknown.

30.01.27: Level 3+ (review); correlatives [3] nōn sōlum / tantum / modo … sed etiam …; modo … modo; sīve … sīve …

[v] nōn sōlum / tantum / modo  … sed etiam … | not only … but also …

sed alone may occur as the second part

nōn sōlum rogō, sed etiam suādeō (Cicero)

• I do not only ask, but also urge (you)

quās ego nōn sōlum tulī, sed etiam ōrnāvī (Cicero)

• I have not only endured but also enhanced them

quī nōn tantum bellum ipsum …, sed etiam tālem adventum eius fēlīcem fuisse laetābantur (Bellum Alexandrinum)

• And they were not only rejoicing in the war itself … but also that his arrival had been so fortunate.

Dīlēxī tum tē nōn tantum ut vulgus amīcam, / sed pater ut gnātōs dīligit et generōs (Catullus)

• I loved you then not only / not so much as the common man does his girlfriend, / but as a father loves his children and sons-in-law.

cui quidem ego nōn modo servāvī, sed etiam aedificāvī locum (Cicero)

• I have not only kept a place for him but also built one. 

Quae aestimātiō nōn modo vehementer ab optimō quōque, sed etiam ā plēbe reprēnditur (Cicero)

• This estimate was violently decried not only by all the conservative party, but also by the people. 

[vi] modo … modo … | now … now …; at one moment …. at another (moment) …

This correlative conveys variation of activity, something that is not in a sequence, but random or continually changes; translations vary but convey the sense:

modo suscēnset, modo grātiās agit (Cicero)

• sometimes he is angry, sometimes he thanks (me)

varia audīmus, modo esse in Tīburtī …, modo cum Lepidīs accessisse ad urbem (Cicero)

• We [ = I] hear various reports: at one time that he is at Tibur … at another that he has come to the city with the Lepidi.

[vii] sīve … sīve … or: seu ... seu ... | whether … or …

Sed, sīve Rōmae es sīve in Ēpīrō, … (Cicero)

• But whether you are at Rome or in Epirus …

Sīve enim bellum in Ītaliā futūrum est, sīve classibus ūtētur, … (Cicero)

• For whether there is going to be a war in Italy, or whether he will employ his fleet …

The correlative may simply translate as either … or …

Nōs autem audierāmus eum prōfectum sīve ad Pompēium sīve in Hispāniam (Cicero)

• But we [ = I] had heard that he had gone either to Pompey or to Spain.

Here Cicero presents a series of random alternatives:

Nunc haec sīve īrācundiā sīve dolōre sīve metū permōtus gravius scrīpsī (Cicero)

• Now, moved by passion, whether wrath or sorrow or fear, I have written more seriously