Reference tables: degrees of comparison (adjectives)

All posts on both the comparative and superlative of adjectives (including irregular forms and exercises):

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/degrees%20of%20comparison

Comparative

(1) The comparative endings are applied to both 1^st / 2^nd and 3^rd declension adjectives:

1^st / 2^nd: cār¦us > cār¦ior [masculine /feminine]; cār¦ius [neuter]

3^rd: facil¦is > facil¦ior [masculine /feminine]; facil¦ius [neuter]

(2) Where an adjective undergoes a stem change, the comparative endings are added to that stem:

pulcher [m], pulchra [f], pulchrum [n] > pulchrior

ācer [m], ācris [f], ācre [n] > ācrior, -ius

audāx, audācis > audācior, -ius

(3) -ior- [with short /o/] > -iōr- [with long /ō/] when endings are added

(4) The comparative forms belong to the 3^rd declension but:

[i] the ablative singular ends in -e (not -ī)

[ii] the genitive plural ends in -um (not -ium)

[iii] the nominative / accusative plural end in -a (not -ia)

i.e. they are not i-stems. Those differences are marked in red.

(5) All genders share the same endings apart from:

[i] neuter nominative and accusative singular (marked in yellow)

[ii] neuter nominative and accusative plural (marked in yellow)

04.11.24: level 2; degrees of comparison [2]; comparative in -ior, -ius (1); 1st / 2nd declension adjectives

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/09/041124-level-2-degrees-of-comparison-2.html

08.11.24: level 2; degrees of comparison [3]; comparative in -ior, -ius (2); comparative of 3rd declension adjectives; magis + adjective

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/09/081124-level-2-degrees-of-comparison-3.html

08.11.24: level 2; degrees of comparison [4]; comparative in -ior, -ius (3)

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/09/081124-level-2-degrees-of-comparison-4.html

12.11.24: level 2; degrees of comparison [5]; irregular comparatives

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/09/121124-level-2-degrees-of-comparison-5.html

24.11.24: level 2; degrees of comparison [11]: plūs

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/09/241124-level-2-degrees-of-comparison-11.html

24.11.24: level 2; degrees of comparison [12]; full declension of the comparatives

 https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/09/241124-level-2-degrees-of-comparison-12.html

Superlative

(1) The superlative declines like a 1^st / 2^nd declension adjective.

(2) The following endings are applied:

[i] to the stem of the adjective

cār¦us > cār¦issimus, cārissima, cārissimum

[ii] to the masculine nominative singular of adjectives ending in -er i.e. not to the stem

pulcher > pulcher¦rimus, pulcherrima, pulcherrimum

celer > celerrimus, celerrima, celerrimum

[iii] Note: there are six adjectives ending in -lis that have a unique superlative form added to the stem:

facilis, facile > facil¦limus, facillima, facillimum

Similarly: difficilis, similis, dissimilis, gracilis, humilis

Other adjectives that end in -lis will form the superlative in the same way as [i] above, for example:

crūdēlis, crūdele > crūdēlissimus

(3) 3^rd declension adjectives that undergo a stem change will use that stem for the endings:

fēlīx, fēlīcis > fēlīcissimus

sapiēns, sapientis > sapientissimus

02.12.24: level 2; degrees of comparison [14]; the superlative (1); the biggest, the most beautiful, the best

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/09/021224-level-2-degrees-of-comparison-14.html

02.12.24: level 2; degrees of comparison [15]; the superlative (2); irregular superlatives; maximē + adjective

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/09/021224-level-2-degrees-of-comparison-15.html