30.01.27: Level 3+ (review); correlatives [3] nōn sōlum / tantum / modo … sed etiam …; modo … modo; sīve … sīve …

[v] nōn sōlum / tantum / modo  … sed etiam … | not only … but also …

sed alone may occur as the second part

nōn sōlum rogō, sed etiam suādeō (Cicero)

• I do not only ask, but also urge (you)

quās ego nōn sōlum tulī, sed etiam ōrnāvī (Cicero)

• I have not only endured but also enhanced them

quī nōn tantum bellum ipsum …, sed etiam tālem adventum eius fēlīcem fuisse laetābantur (Bellum Alexandrinum)

• And they were not only rejoicing in the war itself … but also that his arrival had been so fortunate.

Dīlēxī tum tē nōn tantum ut vulgus amīcam, / sed pater ut gnātōs dīligit et generōs (Catullus)

• I loved you then not only / not so much as the common man does his girlfriend, / but as a father loves his children and sons-in-law.

cui quidem ego nōn modo servāvī, sed etiam aedificāvī locum (Cicero)

• I have not only kept a place for him but also built one. 

Quae aestimātiō nōn modo vehementer ab optimō quōque, sed etiam ā plēbe reprēnditur (Cicero)

• This estimate was violently decried not only by all the conservative party, but also by the people. 

[vi] modo … modo … | now … now …; at one moment …. at another (moment) …

This correlative conveys variation of activity, something that is not in a sequence, but random or continually changes; translations vary but convey the sense:

modo suscēnset, modo grātiās agit (Cicero)

• sometimes he is angry, sometimes he thanks (me)

varia audīmus, modo esse in Tīburtī …, modo cum Lepidīs accessisse ad urbem (Cicero)

• We [ = I] hear various reports: at one time that he is at Tibur … at another that he has come to the city with the Lepidi.

[vii] sīve … sīve … or: seu ... seu ... | whether … or …

Sed, sīve Rōmae es sīve in Ēpīrō, … (Cicero)

• But whether you are at Rome or in Epirus …

Sīve enim bellum in Ītaliā futūrum est, sīve classibus ūtētur, … (Cicero)

• For whether there is going to be a war in Italy, or whether he will employ his fleet …

The correlative may simply translate as either … or …

Nōs autem audierāmus eum prōfectum sīve ad Pompēium sīve in Hispāniam (Cicero)

• But we [ = I] had heard that he had gone either to Pompey or to Spain.

Here Cicero presents a series of random alternatives:

Nunc haec sīve īrācundiā sīve dolōre sīve metū permōtus gravius scrīpsī (Cicero)

• Now, moved by passion, whether wrath or sorrow or fear, I have written more seriously