09.02.27: Level 1; First Latin Lessons (3); nominative and accusative cases; 1st declension; plural

I: Soror tua nōn multam pecūniam habet. Sed soror mea multam pecūniam habet. Soror tua pecūniam amat.

II: Agricola parvās fīliās habet. Parvae fīliae agricolam amant. Agricola parvās fīliās amat. Soror mea quoque parvās puellās amat.

III: Epistulae  meae  nōn longae sunt. Sed soror mea epistulās longās scrībit. Soror tua quoque epistulās longās scrībit. Soror mea et soror tua epistulās longās amant.

IV: Britannia et Hibernia magnae īnsulae sunt. Italia et Hispānia terrae  pulchrae  sunt. Hispānia et Italia nōn sunt īnsulae .

V: Eurōpa multās īnsulās habet. Eurōpa terrās pulchrās habet. Eurōpam saepe laudāmus, sed Americam amāmus.

VI: Parva puella epistulās meās habet. Casae  sunt parvae  sed pulchrae . America īnsulās pulchrās habet. Soror mea et soror tua sunt puellae  pulchrae . Patriam meam amō. Patriam tuam amās.

(1) vocabulary

• amāmus: we love
• amant: (they) love
• laudāmus: we praise
• scrībit: (he / she / it) writes
• sunt: (they) are
• Hispania: Spain
• pecūnia: money
• longa: long
• multa: much; multae: many
• saepe: often

(2) The passage focusses on two endings:

[i] -ae

īnsulae | (the) islands

casae | (the) cottages

• Hispānia et Italia nōn sunt īnsulae. | Ireland and Italy are not islands.
• Casae sunt parvae sed pulchrae. | The cottages are small but beautiful.
• Epistulae meae nōn longae sunt. | My letters are not long.

[ii] -ās

• America īnsulās pulchrās habet. | America has beautiful islands.
• Parva puella epistulās meās habet. | The little girl has my letters.

(3) -ae and -ās indicate plural nouns

[i]

Nominative singular: īnsula

• Britannia īnsula est. | Britain is an island.

Nominative plural: īnsulae

• Britannia et Hibernia īnsulae sunt. | Britain and Ireland are islands.

[ii]

Accusative singular: epistulam

• Soror mea epistulam scrībit. | My sister is writing a letter.

Accusative plural: epistulās.

• Soror mea epistulās scrībit. | My sister is writing letters.

(4) 1^st / 2^nd declension adjectives have the same endings:

[i] Nominative plural:

• Parvae fīliae agricolam amant. | The little girls love the farmer.
• Italia et Hispānia terrae pulchrae sunt. | Italy and Spain are beautiful countries.

[ii] Accusative plural:

• Soror mea epistulās longās scrībit. | My sister writes long letters.
• Eurōpa multās īnsulās habet. | Europe has many islands.
• Parva puella epistulās meās habet. | The little girl has my letters.

LINKS

28.02.24: the accusative case (singular and plural) of first declension nouns

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/28_7.html

29.02.24: accusative case plural of first declension nouns

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/29_7.html

all posts:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/accusative%20case

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I: Your sister does not have much / a lot of money. But my sister has much / a lot of money. Your sister loves money.

II: The farmer has small daughters. The small daughters love the farmer. The farmer loves the small daughters. My sister also loves small girls.

III: My letters are not long. But my sister writes long letters. Your sister also writes long letters. My sister and your sister love long letters.

IV: Britain and Ireland are large islands. Italy and Spain are beautiful lands. Spain and Italy are not islands.

V: Europe has many islands. Europe has beautiful lands. We often praise Europe, but we love America.

VI: The small girl has my letters. The houses are small but beautiful. America has beautiful islands. My sister and your sister are beautiful girls. I love my country. You love your country.