12.07.24: Level 1; review; practice in the cases [1](1); 1st/ 2nd declension nouns and adjectives: nominative singular [1]

Nouns

[i] First declension (feminine)

Britannia, -ae [1/f]: Britain

fīlia, -ae [1/f]: daughter

īnsula, -ae [1/f]: island

porta, -ae [1/f]: gate

via, -ae [1/f]: way; road; street

[ii] Second declension (masculine; neuter)

gladius, -ī [2/m]: sword

servus, -ī [2/m]: slave

scūtum, -ī [2/n]: shield

oppidum, -ī [2/n]: town

Adjectives

acūtus, -a, -um: sharp

angustus, -a, -um: narrow

bonus, -a, -um: good

lātus, -a, -um: wide

magnus, -a, -um: big

malus, -a, -um: bad

parvus, -a, -um: small

Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman

Notes on adjectives:

[i] Latin word order is flexible but, in general, an adjective will follow the noun:

īnsula magna │ a large island

However, it would not be wrong to put the adjective before the noun.

[ii] Via est angusta │ The road is narrow. This is the word order with which we’re familiar in English.

Again, Latin can shift the words around, putting the verb to the end of the sentence, which is the most common way of doing it:

Via angusta est. │ The road is narrow.

Question words (interrogatives)

Cūr? Why?

Ubi? Where?

Others:

hīc (adverb): here

Colloquium

est: (s)he / it is; there is … > Estne…? Is (s)he / it …; is there …?

Note: the words for he / she / it are generally omitted:

Estne via angusta? │ Is the road narrow? > Angusta est. │ It’s narrow.

Gladius est acūtus │ The sword is sharp.

Estne gladius acūtus?│ Is the sword sharp?

Via est longa │ The road / street is long.

Estne via longa? │ Is the road long?

Oppidum est parvum │The town is small.

Estne oppidum parvum? │ Is the town small?

Oppidum nōn est parvum │ The town is not small.

_______________

1. Estne via angusta? Via nōn est angusta: via est lāta.

2. Estne servus magnus? Servus est magnus.

3. Estne fīlia magna?

4. Fīlia nōn est magna: fīlia est parva.

5. Estne servus malus? Malus est.

6. Estne fīlia mala? Fīlia nōn est mala: est bona.

7. Ubi est porta? Hīc est.

8. Estne porta angusta? Angusta est.

9. Estne oppidum magnum? Magnum est.

10. Estne scūtum bonum? Nōn bonum est.

11. Cūr nōn est bonum? Scūtum est angustum: scūtum angustum nōn est bonum.

12. Estne scūtum Rōmānum bonum? Scūtum Rōmānum bonum et lātum est.