27.10.26: Level 3+; P. Cornelius Lentulus: The Story Of A Roman Boy [4]

LXIV. LENTULUS REACHES HOME; PUBLIUS VISITS POMPEII WITH HIS FATHER

Part One

Using the English translation, complete the Latin text with the verbs listed at the end of the exercise; note the occasional changes in word order.

[i]

After a few days, the ship of Marcus Cornelius Lentulus (1) made for the harbour of Misenum, a harbour which (2) is situated not far from Pompeii; in this harbour the Roman fleet (3) was stationed and (4) was being equipped for naval battles. There ships of every kind (5) could (6) be seen.

Post paucōs diēs nāvis M. Cornēlī Lentulī portum Misēnī (1) __________, quī portus nōn longē ā Pompēiīs (2) __________; quō in portū classis Rōmāna (3) __________ et ad pugnās nāvālēs (4) __________. Ibi nāvēs omnium generum (6) __________ (5) __________.

[ii]

And now, with incredible speed, the long ship in which Lentulus (7) was being carried (8) drew near to the shore; for (9) it was driven not only by the wind but also by the oars. On the high stern (10) stood the helmsman, and not far away some Roman soldiers with splendid weapons, among whom Lentulus (11) was the most distinguished.

Iamque incrēdibilī celeritāte nāvis longa quā Lentulus (7) __________ litorī (8) __________; nam nōn sōlum ventō sed etiam rēmīs (9) __________. In altā puppe (10) __________ gubernātor et nōn procul aliquī mīlitēs Rōmānī cum armīs splendidīs, inter quōs clārissimus (11) __________ Lentulus.

[iii]

Then the slaves (12) ceased (13) straining at the oars; the sailors (14) hauled in the sail and (15) cast the anchors. Lentulus immediately (16) disembarked from the ship and (17) hurried to his villa. Julia, Publius, and the whole family (18) welcomed him. What embraces, what great joys there (19) were!

Deinde servī rēmīs (13) __________ (12) __________; nautae vēlum (14) __________ et ancorās (15) __________. Lentulus statim ē nāvī (16) __________ et ad villam suam (17) __________. Eum Iūlia, Pūblius, tōtaque familia (18) __________. Quī complexus, quanta gaudia (19) __________!

adpropinquāvit; cessāvērunt; cōnspicī; contendere; contrāxērunt; egressus est; erat; excēpērunt; fuērunt; iēcērunt; impellēbātur; ōrnābātur; petiit; pōnēbātur; poterant; properāvit; situs est; stābat; vehēbātur

Part Two

Translate:

Postrīdiē eius diēī Lentulus fīliō suō dīxit: “Venī, mī Pūblī, mēcum. Pompēiōs iter hodiē faciam. Māter tua suādet ut frūctūs et cibāria emam. Namque plūrēs amīcōs ad cēnam vocāvimus et multīs rēbus egēmus. Ea hortātur ut quam prīmum proficīscāmur.”

Part Two: notes on the subjunctive

Subjunctive: indirect command; ut + subjunctive after verbs of ordering, advising, urging

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20indirect%20commands

[i] Māter tua suādet ut frūctūs et cibāria emam.

• Your mother advises that I buy fruit and provisions [ = advises me to buy …]

[ii] Ea hortātur ut quam prīmum proficīscāmur.

• She urges that we set out as soon as possible [ = urges us to set out…]

Part Three

“Libenter, mī pater,” inquit Pūblius; “tēcum esse mihi semper est grātum; nec Pompēiōs umquam vīdī. Sine morā proficīscī parātus sum.”

Tum celeriter currum cōnscendērunt et ad urbis mūrōs vectī sunt. Stabiānā portā urbem ingressī sunt. Pūblius strātās viās mīrātur et saxa altiōra quae in mediō disposita erant et altās orbitās* quās rotae inter haec saxa fēcerant. Etiam strepitum mīrātur, multitūdinem, carrōs, fontēs, domōs, tabernās, forum cum statuīs, templīs, reliquīsque aedificiīs pūblicīs.

*orbita, -ae [1/f]: (wheel) rut i.e. a mark in the ground made by a wheel

[1] Identify the case of the words below and briefly explain why these cases are being used in the context of the passage:

[i] haec

[ii] mī

[iii] mihi

[iv] portā

[v] quae

[vi] tēcum

[vii] urbis

[2] Give an example from the text of a:

[i] deponent infinitive

[ii] perfect passive verb

[iii] perfect tense deponent verb

[iv] pluperfect verb

[v] present tense deponent verb

____________________

Part One

(1) petiit

(2) situs est

(3) pōnēbātur

(4) ōrnābātur

(5) cōnspicī

(6) poterant

(7) vehēbātur

(8) adpropinquāvit

(9) impellēbātur

(10) stābat

(11) erat

(12) cessāvērunt

(13) contendere

(14) contrāxērunt

(15) iēcērunt

(16) egressus est

(17) properāvit

(18) excēpērunt

(19) fuērunt

Part Two

Postrīdiē eius diēī ¦ Lentulus fīliō suō dīxit | On the day after that (1) ¦ Lentulus said to his son (1)

Venī, mī Pūblī, mēcum. | “Come with me, my Publius.” (1)

Pompēiōs iter hodiē faciam. | “Today I shall go / journey to Pompeii.” (1)

Māter tua suādet ¦ ut frūctūs et cibāria emam. | “Your mother advises” (1) ¦ “that I buy fruit and provisions.” (1)

Namque plūrēs amīcōs ad cēnam vocāvimus ¦ et multīs rēbus egēmus. | “For we have invited several friends to dinner” (1) ¦ “and we need many things.” (1)

Ea hortātur ¦ ut quam prīmum proficīscāmur. | “She urges us” (1) ¦ “to set out as soon as possible.” (1)

Part Three

[1]

[i] haec

case: accusative

reason: agrees with saxa, which is governed by the preposition inter

[ii] mī

case: vocative

reason: direct address

[iii] mihi

case: dative

reason: indirect object with grātum est; pleasing to me

[iv] portā

case: ablative

reason: means by which; by / through the gate

[v] quae

case: nominative

reason: subject of erant; referring to saxa

[vi] tēcum

case: ablative

reason: governed by the preposition cum

[vii] urbis

case: genitive

reason: possession; walls of the city

[2]

[i] proficīscī

[ii] vectī sunt

[iii] ingressī sunt

[iv] fēcerant

[v] mīrātur

26.10.26: topic; architecture [12]; Comenius (1658) LXXIII; The Stove with the Bedroom.

The aim of the Comenius texts is to allow you to talk in Latin about things around you. As always, speaking the language reinforces vocabulary by putting it into context, but specifically contexts that apply to our world. We will work through Comenius’ 17^th century description of a bedroom and compare the vocabulary to its interpretation both in the ancient world and how it is specifically applied in Neo-Latin with links to the Neo-Latin Lexicon.

The Stove with the bedroom | Hypocaustum cum dormītōriō.

The stove, | Hypocaustum, (1)

is beautified | ornātur

with an arched roof, | laqueārī, (2)

and wainscoted walls | & tabulātīs parietibus (3).

It is enlightened | Īllūminātur

with windows | fenestrīs (4).

It is heated | Calefit

with an oven | fornāce (5).

Its utensils are | Eius ūtēnsilia sunt

benches, | scamna (6)

stools, | sellae (7)

tables, | mēnsae (8)

with tressels, | cum fulcrīs (9)

footstools, | ac scabellīs (10)

and cushions | & culcitrīs (11).

There are also tapestries | Appenduntur etiam

hanged | tapetēs (12).

For soft lodging | Prō levī cubātū,

in a sleeping-room, | in dormitōriō (13)

there is a bed, | est lectus (cubīle) (14)

spread on a bed-stead, | strātus in spondā (15)

upon a straw-pad, | super strāmentum (16)

with sheets, | cum lodicibus (17)

and cover-lids (coverlets) | & strāgulīs (18).

The bolster, | Cervīcāl (19)

is under one’s head | est sub capite.

The bed is covered | Lectus tegitur

with a canopy | canopeō (20).

A chamber-pot, | Matula (21)

is for making water in | est vesicae levandae.

[i]

dormītōrium, -ī [2/n]: sleeping room; dormitory

laquear, -āris [3/n]: panelled ceiling, but can also refer (as here) to an arched / vaulted ceiling

[ii]

supellex, supellectilis [3/f]: domestic utensils; furniture

ūtēnsilia, -ium [3/n/pl]: things for use e.g. utensils, supplies, equipment

[iii]

fornāx, -cis [3/f]: furnace; oven; kiln

hypocaustum, -ī [2/n]: “stove”, referring to a heated room; see “topic; architecture [10]; Comenius (1658) LXXII; partēs domūs (1)” [LINK]

[iv]

mēnsa, -ae [1/f]: table

scabellum, -ī [2/n]: footstool

scamnum, -ī [2/n]: bench; footstool; the noun can refer to a long bench e.g. a pew in a church

sella, -ae [1/f]: seat; chair

matula, -ae [1/f]: [i] a vessel for holding liquids; [ii] chamber pot

Note: the word was also a term of abuse, meaning “simpleton” or “idiot”

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Thesaurus:homo_stultus#Latin

[v]

cubīle, -is [2/n]: bed

lectus, -ī [2/m]: bed

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/bed/

sponda, -ae [1/f]: bed-stead

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/bed__bedstead/

[vi]

strāmentum, -ī [2/n]: in general, the word refers to anything that is spread on the ground, especially straw, but could also apply to bedding hence a straw mattress which the translator gives as “straw-pad”

culcita, or culcitra, -ae [1/f]:   pillow, cushion; mattress, bedding,

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/mattress/

[vii]

cervīcal(e), -ālis [3/n]: pillow, cushion, bolster < cervīx, -cis [3/f]: neck; nape of the neck

pulvīnus, -ī [2/m]: pillow, cushion, bolster < pulvis, pulveris [3/n]: dust; powder i.e. referring to the filling of the pillow

https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/pillow/

[viii]

linteum, -ī [2/n]: bed sheet

lōdīx, -cis [3/f]: sheet; blanket; rug (as a bed covering)

strāgulum, -ī [2/n]: bedspread

all listed at: https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/bedcover__sheet/

[ix]

cōnōpēum, -ī [2/n]: [i] mosquito net; [ii] canopy

tapēte, -is [3/n]: cloth (decorative), used as a carpet, or (as in the text) for wall hangings; in another section of Comenius’ work, he uses the noun to refer to the cover for a banqueting table.

25.10.26: Level 1-2 (review): Julia (a Latin Reader) [2]

ĪTALIA

Caeruleum est Ītaliae caelum. Italī caelum caeruleum amant. Britannīs quoque caelum caeruleum grātum est, sed nōn saepe Britanniae caelum caeruleum est. Ītaliae agricolae olīvās et vīneās laudant, iuvencīs albīs agrōs arant. Placidī sunt oculī iuvencōrum. Placidī et pulchrī sunt iuvencī. Ītaliae agricolīs grātī sunt iuvencī. Britannicī agricolae nōn iuvencīs sed equīs agrōs arant. Validī et pulchrī sunt equī magnī.

In Ītaliā clīvī multī sunt. Italī in clīvīs parvīs oppida aedificant. Oppidānī oppida in clīvīs habitant. In campō vīneae et olīvae sunt, in clīvīs oppida. Per campōs viae Rōmānae sunt. Longae et rēctae sunt viae Rōmānae. Oppidānī olīvās et ūvās, agricolae pecūniam dēsīderant. Itaque oppidānī pecūniam agricolīs dant, et per viās Rōmānās agricolae olīvās et ūvās ad oppida in plaustrīs portant.

[1]

caelum, -ī [2/n]: sky

clīvus, -ī [2/m]: hill, slope

equus, -ī [2/m]: horse

oculus, -ī [2/m]: eye

olīva, -ae [1/f]: olive

oppidum, -ī [2/n]: town

oppidānus, -ī [2/m]: townsman

plaustrum, -ī [2/n]: cart

vīnea, -ae [1/f]: vineyard

ūva, -ae [1/f]: grape

[2]

caeruleus, -a, -um: blue

placidus, -a, -um: calm

rēctus, -a, -um: straight

validus, -a, -um: strong

[3]

aedificō, aedificāre [1]: build

arō, arāre [1]: plough

dēsīderō, dēsīderāre [1]: desire

[4]

itaque: and so

___________________

The sky of Italy is blue. The Italians love the blue sky. The blue sky is also pleasing to the Britons, but the sky of Britain is not often blue. The farmers of Italy praise olive trees and vineyards; they plough the fields with white oxen. The eyes of the oxen are calm. The oxen are calm and beautiful. The oxen are pleasing to the farmers of Italy. British farmers plough the fields not with oxen but with horses. The horses are strong and beautiful and large.

In Italy there are many hills. The Italians build towns on small hills. The townspeople live in towns on the hills. In the plain there are vineyards and olive trees; on the hills there are towns. Through the fields there are Roman roads. The Roman roads are long and straight. The townspeople desire olives and grapes; the farmers desire money. And so the townspeople give money to the farmers, and along the Roman roads the farmers carry olives and grapes to the towns in carts.

24.10.26: Level 1 (review); Questions [7] – [12]

 

22.10.26: topic; architecture [11]; Comenius (1658) LXXII; partēs domūs (2)

Part Two

Baskets | corbēs (9)

are of use for carrying things | īnserviunt rēbus trānsferendīs

and chests | arcae (10)

(which are made fast with a key) | (quae clāvī recluduntur) (11)

for keeping them | adservandīs illīs.

____________________

arca, -ae [1/f]: chest

clāvis, -is [3/f]: key; note: not *clava, -ae [1/f]: club; cudgel

corbis, -is [3/m]: basket

rēs, reī [5/f]: thing

Part Three

Under the roof | sub tēctō

is the floor | est solum (pāvimentum) (12)

In the yard | in āreā (13)

is a well | puteus (14)

a stable | stabulum (15)

and a bath | cum balneō (16)

under the house | sub domō

is the cellar | est cella (17)

____________________

area, -ae [1/f]: yard

balneum, -ī [2/n]: bath

cella, -ae [1/f]: storeroom / cellar

puteus, -ī [2/m]: well

stabulum, -ī [2/n]: stable

tēctum, -ī [2/n]: roof

pāvimentum, -ī [2/n]: pavement / floor; solum, -ī [2/n]: floor / ground

In the text, Comenius uses these terms to refer to the floored area of an attic, but they are general words for any paved or flat surface.

21.10.26: Level 1-2 (review): Julia (a Latin Reader) [1] (4)

Laeta est Iūlia quod iterum casam parvam cum agricolā habitat. Sed Iūlia puella duodecim annōrum iam est. Itaque agricola fīliae suae tabulās dat. Pecūniam quoque lūdī magistrō dat.

Cottīdiē puella ad lūdum per agrōs ambulat. Multī iuvencī in agrīs sunt, sed impavida est puella. Iūlia prandium ad lūdum cottīdiē portat, quod longa est via. In agrīs prandium est Iūliae grātum.

Tabulās ad lūdum Iūlia portat. In tabulīs litterae multae sunt. Lūdī magister Iūliam laudat quod litterās bene cottīdiē recitat. In lūdō multī puerī, multae puellae cum Iūliā sunt. Magister lūdum bene gubernat.

Industriīs puerīs magister librōs pulchrōs dat; pigrōs malōsque puerōs nōn laudat sed culpat. Magna est īra magistrī quod puerī pigrī litterās nōn bene recitant. Itaque puerī pigrī in angulīs stant. Multae sunt lacrimae puerōrum malōrum. Itaque puerī industriī sunt et litterās bene recitant.

Multās fābulās puerīs et puellīs magister benignus in lūdō nārrat; nunc dē Britanniā, nunc dē longinquīs terrīs fābulās nārrat. Grātae puerīs et puellīs sunt fābulae. Nunc igitur in librō nōn sōlum Iūliae sed multīs etiam puerīs et puellīs fābulās nārrō.

[1]

ager, agrī [2/m]: field

angulus, -ī [2/m]: corner

fābula, -ae [1/f]: story

iuvencus, -ī [2/m]: young man

līber, librī [2/m]: book

littera, -ae [1/f]: letter (of the alphabet)

lūdus, -ī [2/m]: school

magister, magistrī [2/m]: teacher

prandium, -ī [2/n]: lunch

puer, puerī [2/m]: boy

tabula, -ae [1/f]: tablet, writing-tablet

terra, -ae [1/f]: land

via, -ae [1/f]: road

[2]

benignus, -a, -um: kind

grātus, -a, -um: pleasing

impavidus, -a, -um: fearless

industrius, -a, -um: industrious

longinquus, -a, -um: distant

longus, -a, -um: long

malus, -a, -um: bad

piger, pigra, pigrum: lazy

[3]

narrō, narrāre [1]: tell, relate

recitō, recitāre [1]: recite

[4]

dē (+ abl.): about, concerning

per (+ acc.): through

etiam: also

igitur: therefore

iam: now, already

bene: well

cottīdiē: daily

solum: only

___________________

Julia is happy because she is living again in a small house with her father. But Julia is now a girl of twelve years. And so the farmer gives tablets to his daughter. He also gives money to the schoolmaster.

Every day the girl walks to school through the fields. Many young men are in the fields, but the girl is fearless. Julia carries lunch to school every day, because the road is long. In the fields the lunch is pleasing to Julia.

Julia carries tablets to school. On the tablets there are many letters. The schoolmaster praises Julia because she recites the letters well every day. In the school many boys and many girls are with Julia. The teacher manages the school well.

The teacher gives beautiful books to the industrious boys; he does not praise the lazy and bad boys but blames them. The teacher’s anger is great because the lazy boys do not recite the letters well. And so the lazy boys stand in the corners. There are many tears of the bad boys. And so the boys are industrious and recite the letters well.

The kind teacher tells many stories to the boys and girls in the school; now he tells stories about Britain, now about distant lands. The stories are pleasing to the boys and girls. Now therefore in the book I tell stories not only to Julia but also to many boys and girls.

23.10.26: Level 3+; P. Cornelius Lentulus: The Story Of A Roman Boy [3]

LXIII. MARCUS LENTULUS, THE FATHER OF PUBLIUS, IS SHIPWRECKED; JULIA RECEIVES A LETTER FROM HIM

Part One

Iam Pūblius decem annōs habēbat cum M. Cornelius Lentulus, pater eius, quī quīnque annōs grave bellum in Asia gerēbat, nōn sine glōriā domum revertēbātur. Namque multa secunda proelia fēcerat, maximās hostium cōpiās dēlēverat, multās urbēs populō Rōmānō inimīcās cēperat. Prīmum nūntius pervēnit quī ā Lentulō missus erat ut profectiōnem suam nuntiāret. Deinde plūrēs diēs reditum virī optimī māter fīliusque exspectābant et animīs sollicitīs deōs immortālīs frūstrā colēbant. Tum dēmum hās litterās summō cum gaudiō accēpērunt:

Question [1] Comprehension

Which phrases from the Latin text indicate specifically that Lentulus’ father

[i] … fought for a number of years

[ii] … returned home in glory

[iii] … had many successful battles

[iv] … killed a very large number of enemies

[v] … had captured many enemy cities

Question [2] Translation

Translate “Prīmum … accēpērunt.” (10 marks)

Part Two

“Mārcus Iūliae suae salūtem dīcit. Sī valēs, bene est; ego valeō. Ex Graeciā, quō praeter spem et opiniōnem hodiē pervēnī, hās litterās ad tē scrībō. Namque nāvis nostra frācta est; nōs autem — dīs est grātia — incolumēs sumus. Ex Asiae portū nāvem lēnī ventō solvimus. Postquam altum mare tenuimus nec iam ūllae terrae appāruerunt, caelum undique et undique fluctūs, subitō magna tempestās coorta est et nāvem vehementissimē adflīxit. Ventīs fluctibusque adflictātī nec sōlem discernere nec cursum tenēre poterāmus, et omnia praesentem mortem intentābant. Trēs diēs et trēs noctēs sine rēmis vēlīsque agimur. Quārtō diē prīmum terra vīsa est et violenter in saxa, quae nōn longē ā lītore aberant, dēiectī sumus.”

Question [1] Comprehension

What information is given in the passage that the voyage was difficult? Identify five points.

Question [2] language

[i] Give the tense and voice (active or passive) of the following verbs:

(a) valēs

(b) frācta est

(c) poterāmus

(d) agimur

(e) adflīxit

[ii] Find from the text an example of a:

(a) 4^th declension noun

(b) 5^th declension noun

(c) deponent verb

(d) superlative adverb

(e) conjunction introducing a clause of time

Part Three

Tum vērō maiōra perīcula timēbāmus; sed nauta quīdam, vir fortissimus, ex nāve in fluctūs irātōs dēsiluit ut fūnem ad lītus portāret; quam rem summō labōre vix effēcit. Ita omnēs servātī sumus. Grātiās igitur et honōrem Neptūnō debēmus, quī deus nōs ē perīculō ēripuit. Nunc Athēnīs sum, quō cōnfūgī ut mihi paucās horās ad quiētem darem. Quam prīmum autem aliam nāvem condūcam ut iter ad Italiam reliquum cōnficiam et domum ad meōs cārōs revertar. Salūtā nostrum Pūblium amīcissimē et valētūdinem tuam cūrā dīligenter. Kalendīs Martiīs.”

Comprehension

[i] How were they saved? (4 marks)

[ii] What does this passage tell you about the importance of the gods in Ancient Rome? (2 marks)

[iii] Why is the writer in Athens? (1 mark)

[iv] How does he intend to return home? (1 mark)

____________________

Entire text: notes on the subjunctive

Subjunctive: purpose

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20purpose

[i] Prīmum nūntius pervēnit quī ā Lentulō missus erat ut profectiōnem suam nuntiāret [imperfect].

• First a messenger arrived who had been sent by Lentulus to report his departure [literally: in order that he might / would report …]

[ii] ex nāve in fluctūs irātōs dēsiluit ut fūnem ad lītus portāret

• He leapt from the ship into the raging waves in order to carry a rope to the shore.

[iii] Nunc Athēnīs sum, quō cōnfūgī ut mihi paucās horās ad quiētem darem.

• Now I am at Athens, where I fled in order to give myself a few hours of rest.

[iv] Autem aliam nāvem condūcam ut iter ad Italiam reliquum cōnficiam et domum ad meōs cārōs revertar.

• Moreover, I will hire another ship in order to complete the remaining journey to Italy and (to) return home to my dear ones.

____________________

Part One

Question [1]

[i] … quīnque annōs … bellum … gerēbat

[ii] nōn sine glōriā domum revertēbātur

[iii] multa secunda proelia fēcerat

[iv] maximās hostium cōpiās dēlēverat

[v] multās urbēs … inimīcās cēperat

Question [2]

Prīmum nūntius pervēnit │ first a messenger arrived (1)

quī ā Lentulō missus erat │ who had been sent by Lentulus (1)

ut profectiōnem suam nuntiāret │ to announce his departure (1)

Deinde plūrēs diēs │ then for several days (1)

reditum virī optimī ¦ māter fīliusque exspectābant │ the mother and son were waiting (1) ¦ for the return of the excellent man (1)

et animīs sollicitīs ¦ deōs immortālīs frūstrā colēbant │ and with anxious minds (1) ¦ they worshipped the immortal gods in vain (1)

Tum dēmum hās litterās │ then at last these letters (1)

summō cum gaudiō accēpērunt │ they received with the greatest joy (1)

Part Two

Question [1] any five of:

ship broken / wrecked │ nāvis nostra frācta est

sudden great storm │ subitō magna tempestās coorta est

violent battering of the ship │ nāvem vehementissimē adflīxit

battered by winds and waves │ ventīs fluctibusque adflictātī

unable to see the sun │ nec sōlem discernere poterāmus

unable to keep course │ nec cursum tenēre poterāmus

constant threat of immediate death │ omnia praesentem mortem intentābant

driven for three days and nights without oars or sails │ trēs diēs et trēs noctēs sine rēmis vēlīsque agimur

thrown violently onto rocks near the shore │ violenter in saxa … dēiectī sumus

Question [2]

[i]

(a) present tense, active

(b) perfect tense, passive

(c) imperfect tense, active

(d) present tense, passive

(e) perfect tense, active

[ii]

(a) cursum; portū; fluctūs (any one)

(b) spem; diē; diēs (any one)

(c) coorta est

(d) vehementissimē

(e) postquam

Part Three

[i]

a very brave sailor jumped from the ship (1) │ nauta quīdam, vir fortissimus, ex nāve … dēsiluit

into the raging waves (1) │ in fluctūs irātōs

he carried a rope to the shore (1) │ ut fūnem ad lītus portāret

he did this with great difficulty / only just managed it (1) │ quam rem summō labōre vix effēcit

[ii]

the god Neptune is credited with saving them from danger (1) │ Neptūnō … quī deus nōs ē perīculō ēripuit

thanks and honour are owed to Neptune for this rescue (1) │ grātiās igitur et honōrem Neptūnō debēmus

[iii]

to rest for a few hours (1) │ ut mihi paucās horās ad quiētem darem

[iv] hire another ship (1) │ aliam nāvem condūcam

20.10.26: Level 3+; P. Cornelius Lentulus: The Story Of A Roman Boy [2]

LXII. HIS LIFE ON THE FARM

Subjunctives are indicated in bold and comments are given in the notes following the text.

Part One

Huius villae Dāvus, servus Marcī, est vīlicus et cum Lesbiā uxōre omnia cūrat. Vīlicus et uxor in casā humilī, mediīs in agrīs sitā, habitant. Ā prīmā lūce ūsque ad vesperum sē gravibus labōribus exercent ut omnīs rēs bene gerant. Plūrima enim sunt officia Dāvī et Lesbiae. Vīlicus servōs regit nē tardī sint; mittit aliōs quī agrōs arent, aliōs quī hortōs inrigent, et opera in tōtum diem impōnit. Lesbia autem omnibus vestīmenta parat, cibum coquit, pānem facit. 

Part One: Comprehension

What are the roles of Dāvus, the farm overseer? (8 marks)

Part Two

Nōn longē ab hōrum casā et in summō colle situm surgēbat domicilium ipsīus dominī dominaeque amplissimum. Ibi plūrēs annōs Pūblius cum mātre vītam fēlicem agēbat; nam pater eius, Mārcus, in terrīs longinquīs gravia reī pūblicae bella gerēbat nec domum revertī poterat. Neque puerō quidem molestum est rūrī vīvere. Eum multae rēs dēlectant. Magnopere amat silvās, agrōs, equōs, bovēs, gallīnās, avēs, reliquaque animālia. Saepe plūrēs hōrās ad mare sedet quō melius fluctūs et nāvēs spectet. Nec omninō sine comitibus erat, quod Lȳdia, Dāvī fīlia, quae erat eiusdem aetātis, cum eō adhūc infante lūdēbat, inter quōs cum annīs amīcitia crēscēbat. Lȳdia nūllum alium ducem dēligēbat et Pūblius ab puellae latere rārō discēdēbat. Itaque sub clārō Italiae sōle Pūblius et Lȳdia, amīcī fidelissimī, per campōs collēsque cotidiē vagābantur. Modo in silvā finitimā ludēbant ubi Pūblius sagittīs celeribus avēs dēiciēbat et Lȳdia corōnīs variōrum flōrum comās suās ōrnābat; modo aquam et cibum portābant ad Dāvum servōsque dēfessōs quī agrōs colēbant; modo in casā parvā aut horās laetās in lūdō cōnsūmēbant aut auxilium dabant Lesbiae, quae cibum virō et servīs parābat vel aliās rēs domesticās agēbat.

Part Two: Comprehension

Below are eight references to information in the passage. They are not in the order in which they appear in the text. Put the references in the correct order, using numbers 1–8.

Publius watching the sea _____

Reason for the father’s absence _____

Location of the master’s house _____

Publius and Lydia helping the household workers _____

Publius’s feelings about country life _____

Lydia’s relationship with Publius _____

Publius’s life with his mother _____

Publius and Lydia spending time together outdoors _____

Part Two: language

[1] Give the nominative singular of the following nouns:

[i] aetātis

[ii] comitibus

[iii] ducem

[iv] latere

[v] rūrī

[2] Give the nominative masculine singular of the following words:

[i] eiusdem

[ii] fēlicem

[iii] ipsīus

[iv] plūrēs

[v] quōs

[3] Identify the word type:

[i] amplissimum

[ii] adhūc

[iii] inter

[iv] melius

[v] nec

____________________

Entire text: notes on the subjunctive

All the subjunctives are present tense, and all show purpose

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/subjunctive%3A%20purpose

[i] … sē gravibus labōribus exercent ¦ ut omnīs rēs bene gerant; ut: introduces a positive purpose clause i.e. so that something happens / may happen

• They exhaust themselves with heavy work ¦ so that they manage everything well.

[ii] Vīlicus servōs regit ¦ nē tardī sint; nē introduces a negative purpose clause i.e. that something does not / may not happen

• The steward controls the slaves ¦ so that they are not late.

[iii] mittit aliōs ¦ (1) quī agrōs arent, aliōs ¦ (2) quī hortōs inrigent; quī is used instead of ut when specifically referring to people who are to perform the task

• He sends some ¦ (1) to plough [= who are to plough] the fields (and) others ¦ (2) to water [ = who are to water] the gardens.

[iv] Saepe plūrīs hōrās ad mare sedet ¦ quō melius fluctūs et nāvēs spectet; quō is used when there is a comparative in the purpose clause

• He often sits by the sea for several hours ¦ so that he may watch the waves and ships better.

____________________

Part One: Comprehension

in charge of / looks after everything on the estate │ omnia cūrat (1)

works from early morning until evening │ ā prīmā lūce ūsque ad vesperum (1)

works hard / undertakes heavy labour │ sē gravibus labōribus exercent (1)

ensures everything is well managed │ ut omnīs rēs bene gerant (1)

supervises / controls the slaves │ servōs regit (1)

makes sure the slaves are not late │ nē tardī sint (1)

sends some slaves to plough the fields │ mittit aliōs quī agrōs arent (1)

sends some slaves to water the gardens │ aliōs quī hortōs inrigent (1)

organises / assigns work for the whole day │ opera in tōtum diem impōnit (1)

Part Two: comprehension

Publius watching the sea [5] │ … ad mare sedet quō melius fluctūs et nāvēs spectet

Reason for the father’s absence [3] │pater eius, Mārcus, in terrīs longinquīs gravia reī pūblicae bella gerēbat nec domum revertī poterat

Location of the master’s house [1] │nōn longē ab hōrum casā et in summō colle situm surgēbat domicilium ipsīus dominī dominaeque amplissimum

Publius and Lydia helping the household workers [8] │modo aquam et cibum portābant ad Dāvum servōsque dēfessōs quī agrōs colēbant

Publius’s feelings about country life [4] │neque puerō quidem molestum est rūrī vīvere … magnopere amat silvās, agrōs, equōs, bovēs, gallīnās, avēs

Lydia’s relationship with Publius [6] │Lȳdia, Dāvī fīlia, quae erat eiusdem aetātis … cum eō adhūc infante lūdēbat

Publius’s life with his mother [2] │ibi plūrēs annōs Pūblius cum mātre vītam fēlicem agēbat

Publius and Lydia spending time together outdoors [7] │itaque sub clārō Italiae sōle … per campōs collēsque cotidiē vagābantur

Part Two: language

[1]

[i] aetās

[ii] comes

[iii] dux

[iv] latus

[v] rūs

[2]

[i] īdem

[ii] fēlix

[iii] ipse

[iv] plūs

[v] quī

[3]

[i] superlative adjective

[ii] adverb

[iii] preposition

[iv] comparative adverb

[v] coordinating conjunction

19.10.26: topic; architecture [10]; Comenius (1658) LXXII; partēs domūs (1)

Part One

a house is divided into inner rooms | domus distinguitur in conclāvia

such as are the entry | ut sunt ātrium (1)

the stove | hypocaustum (2)

the kitchen | culīna (3)

the buttery | cella penuāria (4)

the dining room | cēnāculum (5)

the gallery | camera (6)

the bed chamber | cubiculum (7)

with a privy | cum secessū (latrīnā) (8)

made by it | adstructō.

____________________

[i]

camera, -ae [1/f]: room, often with a vaulted / arched ceiling; Engl. deriv. chamber

cella, -ae [1/f]: storeroom / cellar; any small room or hut; Engl. deriv. cell

cella penuāria: buttery, room for keeping food; penuārius, -a, -um: related to provisions

Engl. cellar and German Keller are derived from Late Latin: cellārium, -ī [2/n]: storeroom; larder / pantry; cellar

conclāve, -is [3/n]: room < cum (with) + clāvis, -is [3/f]: key

The translator renders conclāvia as inner rooms i.e. private spaces that can be locked or shut off; Engl. deriv. conclave: assembly held in a sealed room (especially a papal election)

[ii] hypocaustum, -ī [2/n]: “stove”

In archaic English, “stove” did not only apply to a device for heating, but to a room artificially heated: “When most of the waiters were commanded away to their supper, the Parlour or Stove being near emptied, in came a Company of Musketeers.” (1634)

Images #3 - #5: the Ancient Roman definition of the word is [i] hypocaust, heating vault; [ii] steam / bathing room heated from below.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypocaust

[iii]

ātrium, -ī [2/n]: entry hall

cēnāculum, -ī [2/n]: dining room

cubiculum, -ī [2/n]: bedroom

culīna, -ae [1/f]: kitchen

domus, -ūs [4/f]: house

latrīna, -ae [1/f]; secessus, -ūs [4/m]: toilet

18.10.26: Level 1-2 (review): Julia (a Latin Reader) [1] (3)

Agricola ad casam venit. Fīlia parva nōn est in casā. Tum agricola, "Iūlia," exclāmat, "fīlia mea, ubi es?"

Iterum Iūliam vocat, sed frūstrā--nūlla est puella. Cēnā nōn est in mēnsā parāta, nec rosae in mēnsā sunt. Tum ad ōram maritimam properat et procul nāviculam albam spectat. Ad nautārum casās properat.

Nautārum fīliae perterritae, "Cum pīrātīs," inquiunt, "est Iūlia tua."

Magna est īra agricolae. Galeam et hastam raptat. Nautae nāviculam suam agricolae dant. Nautae quoque galeās et hastās raptant, et cum agricolā ad pīrātārum nāviculam properant.

Tum agricola pīrātās vocat. "Ubi," inquit, "est fīlia mea?"

Pīrātae, "Fīlia tua," inquiunt, "in nāviculā nostrā est."

Tum agricola pecūniam multam pīrātīs dat. Pīrātae Iūliam ad agricolae nāviculam portant.

[1]

cēna, -ae [1/f]: dinner

īra, -ae [1/f]: anger

mēnsa, -ae [1/f]: table

pecūnia, -ae [1/f]: money

[2]

magnus, -a, -um: great, large

nūllus, -a, -um: no, none

parātus, -a, -um: prepared

perterritus, -a, -um: terrified

[3]

exclāmō, exclāmāre [1]: call out

properō, properāre [1]: hurry

rapiō, rapere [3]: seize

vocō, vocāre [1]: call

[4]

iterum: again

nec: and not

procul: at a distance

ubi: where

____________________

The farmer comes to the house. The little daughter is not in the house. Then the farmer shouts, “Julia, my daughter, where are you?”

He calls Julia again, but in vain—there is no girl. Dinner is not prepared on the table, nor are there roses on the table. Then he hurries to the seashore and sees a white boat in the distance. He hurries to the sailors’ houses.

The sailors’ daughters, terrified, say, “Your Julia is with pirates.”

The farmer’s anger is great. He snatches a helmet and a spear. The sailors give their boat to the farmer. The sailors also snatch helmets and spears, and they hurry with the farmer to the pirates’ boat.

Then the farmer calls the pirates. “Where,” he says, “is my daughter?”

The pirates say, “Your daughter is in our boat.”

Then the farmer gives much money to the pirates. The pirates carry Julia to the farmer’s boat.