Tuesday, February 25, 2025

26.02.25: Comenius XLVIII (1658); the making of honey

The making of Honey │ Mellificium

The Bees send out a swarm, 1. and set over it a Leader, 2. │ Āpēs ēmittunt Exāmen, 1. adduntque illī Ducem (Rēgem), 2.

That swarm being ready to fly away is recalled by the Tinkling of a brazen Vessel, 3. and is put up into a new Hive, 4. │ Exāmen illud, āvolātūrum, revocātur tinnītū Vāsis æneī, 3. & inclūditur novō Alveārī, 4.

They make little Cells with six corners, 5. and fill them with Honey-dew, and make Combs, 6. out of which  the Honey runneth, 7. │ Struunt Cellulās sexangulārēs, 5. et complent eās Mellīgine, & faciunt Favōs, 6. ē quibus Mel effluit, 7.

The Partitions being melted by fire, turn into Wax, 8. │ Cratēs liquātī igne abeunt in Cēram, 8.

Vocabulary

alvear, alveāris [3/n]: (Mediaeval) beehive

Also:

alveārium, -ī [2/n] or mellārium, -ī [2/n]; alvus, -ī [2/f]

The term apiārium, -ī [2/n] from which the English word apiary is derived refers to an area where bees are kept

[a]

āpis, -is [3/f]: bee

cēra, -ae [1/f]: wax; beeswax; a seal made of wax

exāmen, exāminis [3/n]: swarm; especially of bees, but can refer to other creatures

favus, -ī [2/m]: honeycomb

mel, mellis [3/n]: honey-dew

mellificium, -ī [2/n]: honey-making

mellīgō, mellīginis [3/f]: honey-dew

[b]

aeneus, -a, -um: [i] copper, bronze [ii] (here) ‘brazen’ referring to something that is loud and strident e.g. made by the striking of something metal (see notes)

crātis, -is [3/f]: [i] wickerwork [ii] a ‘hurdle’ in the sense of an artificial barrier; Caesar uses this term when describing the defending of a bridge

sexangulāris, -e: (Late Latin) hexagonal; (CL) sexangulus, -a, -um

tinnitus, -ūs [4/m]: ringing, tinkling, jingling; the condition known as tinnitus i.e. a ringing in the ears is obviously derived from the word

vās, -is [3/m]: vessel

Notes

[i] Something to spot which will be discussed in detail in a later post since there is much more to it. Look out for the ending: -ūrus, -a, -um which indicates something that is about to or going to happen; it conveys a sense of near future

exāmen illud, āvolātūrum │ that swarm (which is) about to fly away

[ii] Careful! -ur at the end of the verb indicates a passive:

Exāmen … revocātur │ the swarm is called back

(Exāmen) … inclūditur │ (the swarm) is kept in / enclosed

[iii] liquātus, -e, -um: (having been) melted

Cratēs liquātī ¦ igne │the partitions (having been) melted ¦ by fire

[iv] Exāmen illud … revocātur tinnītū Vāsis æneī │ that swarm is called back by the sound of a brazen vessel

What is tanging? Basically, beekeepers use some sort of device, an old cooking pot for instance, to make a loud noise by beating it with a spoon or stick, while chasing an escaping swarm. It is thought this may convince the bees that a storm with thunder is approaching and they need to find a place to land, now, and then the beekeeper can capture them and return them to their home.

https://www.honeybeeobscura.com/tanging-whats-all-that-banging-023/

“the winged attendants of the Muses”; Marcus Terentius Varro on bees …

Quae cum causa Musarum esse dicuntur volucres,  …│ They are with good reason called​ 'the winged attendants of the Muses’

… quod et, si quando displicatae sunt, cymbalis et plausibus numero redducunt in locum unum │ … because if at any time they are scattered they are quickly brought into one place by the beating of cymbals or the clapping of hands

Apes non sunt solitaria natura, ut aquilae, sed ut homines. │ Bees are not of a solitary nature, as eagles are, but are like human beings.

Tria enim harum: cibus, domus, opus, neque idem quod cera cibus, nec quod mel, nec quod domus. │ They have three tasks: food, dwelling, toil; and the food is not the same as the wax, nor the honey, nor the dwelling. 

Neque ipsae sunt inficientes │ They are themselves not idle

Non in favo sex angulis cella, totidem quot habet ipsa pedes? │ Does not the chamber in the comb have six angles, the same number as the bee has feet?

intus opus faciunt, quod dulcissimum quod est, et deis et hominibus est acceptum │ and within (the hive) they produce a substance which, because it is the sweetest of all, is acceptable to gods and men alike

Media alvo, qua introeant apes, faciunt foramina parva dextra ac sinistra. │ At the middle of the hive small openings are made on the right and left, by which the bees may enter





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