21.05.25: Level 3; summary of of the uses of the ablative case [6]: [i] the ablative of accompaniment; [ii] the ablative of manner

[i] accompaniment; Latin tutorial:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W319yZbfMuM&t=136s

[ii] manner; Latin tutorial:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edMFJdnWSl4&t=26s

Both of these ablatives use the preposition cum (with):

[i] the ablative of accompaniment

This is used when referring to the person (together) with whom the action is being performed.

Both Latin and English use a preposition:

Caesar, qui cum suīs legiōnibus …nāvigāverat, │ Caesar, who had sailed (together) with his legions …

cum omnibus copiīs ad locum vēnērunt │ They came to the place with all the troops

[ii] the ablative of manner

John spoke with great enthusiasm at the meeting.

“with great enthusiasm” refers to the way / manner in which he spoke

[1] When there is only a single noun involved, the preposition cum is normally used i.e. as in English

Cum celeritāte vēnit. │ He came with speed.

[2] When there is a noun + adjective, cum may be omitted:

Summā celeritāte vēnit. │ He came with the utmost speed.

But also:

Magnā cum cūrā │ with great care