Image: By making a “jump” the endings of the pronouns most often match with the endings of 1st / 2nd declension nouns. It doesn’t match 100% but it’s close. Where it doesn’t match is marked in red.
Here are examples showing them working in a sentence. As
always, I think it’s best to focus on a single example for each one.
Nominative
- Is quī semper abest nihil potest discere. │ He who is always absent can learn nothing.
- Discipulus est is quī discit. │ A pupil is he [i.e. someone / a person (m.)] who learns.
- Tum ea respondit: "Mihi non licet hoc dicere." │ Then she replied “I’m not allowed to say that.”
- Quid est id quod Mārcus claudit? │ What is it that Marcus is closing?
Genitive
- Omnia flōrum genera sub pedibus eius flōrēbant. │ All kinds of flowers were blossoming beneath his feet.
Dative
- Litterās scrīpsit eī. │ He wrote letters to him / her.
- Iūlium vīdī et eī librum dēdī. │ I saw Julius and I gave a book to him.
Accusative
- Līberāte eum, Mārce et Sexte. │ Let him go, Marcus and Sextus.
- Et ab illō diē incēpit eam dīligere. │ And from that day he began to love her.
- Cīvēs igitur mōnstrum īnfēstum in urbem trāxērunt. Iuvenum chorus per viās id dūxērunt. │ The citizens, therefore, dragged the dangerous monster into the city. A chorus of youths led it through the streets.
Ablative
- Fuitque Dominus cum eō (Vulgate) │ And the Lord was with him
- Exercitum colligās et ad dēbellandum inimīcum suum pergās cum eō! │ You should gather the army together and continue with it to defeat his enemy.
- …quod aliud auxilium ab eā habēre nōn posset… │ … because he couldn’t have any other help from her.
Two cases in the same sentence:
- Exultāte in eā [ablative] omnēs quī dīligitis eam [accusative] gaudēte cum eā [ablative] gaudiō ūniversī quī lūgētis super eam [accusative]. (Vulgate)│ Rejoice in her, all (you) who love her. Rejoice greatly with her, all (you) who mourn over her.
