quisque: each
one, every one
There is a slight
difference depending on whether the indefinite is [1] a pronoun or [2] an
adjective
[1] -que: prefixed
to quis, quae, quid > quisque, quaeque, quidque (or quicque)
(singular only)
prō sē quisque
id quod quisque potest (Plautus) │ Each (man / one)
according to his ability does that which each (man / one)
can
in suō quidque
locō repōnitō (Cato) │ each (thing) in its proper
place
iam quidem ¦ in suō
quicque locō ¦ nisi erit mihi situm supellectilis (Plautus) │
now in truth if things are not arranged exactly as they should be [ =
literally: each (thing) in its own place ]
[2] -que: prefixed
to quis, quae, quod > quisque, quaeque, quodque (singular); quīque
[masc.], quaeque [fem. / neut.] (plural)
Suam quisque
homō rem meminit (Plautus) │ Each man remembers his own affairs
quō maius quodque
animal, eō rōbustior ex eō cibus est (Celsus) │
the larger the animal [each animal (is)] the stronger the food it
yields
Notes:
[i] It is
frequently used with ūnus; ūnus + quisque may be written
together as a single word)
Respondet ūnus
quisque ut erat praeceptum (Cicero) │ Each one answers as it had been
instructed
[ii] With an
ordinal number:
Necāvērunt mīlitem
decimum quemque │ They killed every tenth soldier
Igitur tertiō
quōque diē cibus aegrō … datur (Celsus) │
Therefore, on every third day (every three days) food is given to the
patient
[iii] With a
superlative:
complūrēsque ducēs
ac fortissimus quisque interfectī vulnerātīque sunt (African War) │
and several of the enemy leaders and all their bravest men were either
killed or wounded [ = literally: each bravest (man), but the implication is every
one within a group considered the bravest]
Equōs dehinc
fortissimō cuique bellātōrī trādit (Tacitus) │
Hence he gives horses to the bravest fighters [= literally: each bravest
fighter i.e. each one within the group of bravest fighters]
[iv] Don’t forget
one of the first words you will have seen in Latin, and which is not an
indefinite: quoque (also)
The tables show
all forms for reference, but simply bear in mind the concept of “each / every”
expressed by -que even if translations vary and / or do not convey the
idea specifically
Examples:
Itaque suō quisque
¦ hōrum locō sententiam rogātus … (Cicero) │
Accordingly as each (one) ¦ of them was asked an opinion …
Nunc enim tantum quisque
laudat quantum sē posse spērat imitārī (Cicero) │ Nowadays everyone
[i.e. each individual] praises only what he thinks he can imitate.
ūnum quemque cōnfirmāns, excitāns (Cicero)
│ encouraging and cheering them one by
one [= each one]
Decimum quemque
mīlitem sorte ductum fustī percussit (Frontinus) │
He hit with a stick one of every ten soldiers [= each tenth soldier]
taken out by lot
Pōnite ante oculōs
ūnum quemque rēgum (Cicero) │ Set before your eyes each (one)
of the kings.
Intereā ūnamquamque
turmam manipulum cohortem temptābam quid facere possent (Cato) │
Meanwhile I was testing every single squadron, maniple, cohort,
what they could do
sagittāriīsque ex
omnibus nāvibus Ityrēīs, Syrīs et cuiusque generis ductīs in
castra (African War) │ From all his ships he brought archers into
camp — Ityreans, Syrians and men of diverse races [of each and every
race] —
Sua cuique cīvitātī
religiō, Laelī, est, nostra nōbīs (Cicero) │ Each
city has its own religion, Laelius, we have ours [= literally: to each
city there is …]
quid quisque
eōrum ¦ dē quāque rē ¦ audierit … quaerant (Caesar)
│ and they inquire what ¦ each
of them ¦ may have heard … ¦ about each matter
certē enim recentissima
quaeque sunt corrēcta et ēmendāta maximē (Cicero) │
for certainly the most recent things are the most corrected and most
amended [i.e. every one of the most recent things]
The dental hygiene
of the Celtiberians …
(Catullus 39)
Image: some of the
86 cavity-filled teeth found in a shop drain in the Roman Forum (1st
century AD)
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