02.08.24: Level 1; Maxey (8)

https://www.usu.edu/markdamen/latin1000/Chapters/02ch.htm

Hīc non habitat vir. Ibi habitat vir. Hic vir est poēta clārus et benignus. Casam habet et cūrat. Nunc fēminae in silvā ambulant. Nunc poēta iānuam aperit et feminās videt. Fēminae rosās portant. Poētae rosās ostendunt et poēta est laetus quod rosae fēminārum sunt grātae et rosās nōn habet. Fēminae poētae rosās dant. Poēta fēminīs grātiās agit. Hoc dōnum est poētae grātum. Nunc iānuam claudit. Rosās cūrat et laudat.

Interdum poēta est in scholā quod amīcus magistrae est. Saepe fābulās nārrat. In silvā cum discipulīs ambulat quoque. Saepe discipulī cum poētā ambulāre cupiunt. Poēta est discipulīs cārus. Est benignus quoque. Suntne poētae tibi benignī? Poētae sunt mihi benignī, sed ego sum magistra. Esne tū poēta? Pater meus est poēta et in Britanniā habitat. Epistulās patris meī legere cupiō. Interdum in epistulīs patris sunt dōna. Bene est. Patrī grātiās agō, quod dōna sunt pecūnia et pictūrae. Ē multīs terrīs pater pictūrās portat. Pater meus est poēta clārus. Fāma est magna.

Find the Latin; again, take a look at the endings of the nouns and how those nouns are working in the sentences and phrases:

SINGULAR

[1] Nominative

[i] the noun is peforming the action in the sentence

• The poet opens the door.
• The poet is in school.

[ii] the noun is the predicate e.g. He is a soldier

• This man is a poet.
• I am a teacher.
• Are you a poet?

[2] Genitive: the ‘possessor’ the person, and many other expressions which translate into English with ‘of’

• The poet is a friend of the teacher.

[3] Dative: the indirect object, the person / thing to whom / which, for example something is given or for whom / which something is done

• They show the roses to the poet
• This gift is pleasing to the poet = The poet likes the gift

[4] Accusative: the direct object of the sentence i.e. the person/ thing that is experiencing the action

• He has a cottage.
• He looks after the cottage.
• The poet opens the door.
• He closes the door.

[5] Ablative: many uses but is often found with prepositions e.g. in (in / on), cum (with) ē / ex (out of), all of which appear in the text

• He walks …. in the forest.
• The pupils wish to walk with the poet.

PLURAL

[1] Nominative

• The women are walking

[2] Genitive

• The roses of the women [= the women’s roses] are pleasing

[3] Dative

• The poet thanks (is grateful to) the women.

[4] Accusative

• He sees the women.

[5] Ablative

• There are gifts in the letters.
• My father brings pictures from (out of) many countries.

 

01.08.24: Level 2; Dē crocodīlō [3]

aperiō, aperīre, aperuī [4]: open

cadō, cadere, cecidī [3]: fall

extrahō, extrahere, extrāxī [3]: drag / pull out

haereō, haerēre, haesī [3]: stick

obeō, obīre, obiī [irr.]: go to meet; mortem obeō: die

Iēiūnus, -a, -um: hungry

quamquam: although

[A]

1. How did the crocodile describe the third son? [1 point]
2. Here is an example where a test question may want a lot of detail in an answer. Identify ‘blocks’ of information: Describe what happened when the crocodile wanted to eat the boy. [9 points] (Answer in the comments): [1] Ad porcī cadāver celeriter natāvit, │ [2] ōs aperuit, │ [3] porcum dēvorāvit. │ Sed [4] hāmus │ [5] in ōre eius │ [4] haesit │ et [6] senex │ [7] Rōbertum │ [8] fūne │ [9] ē flūmine Nīlō │ [6] extrāxit.*
3. What did the man think it was not right for the crocodile to do? [1 point]
4. What did he do to the crocodile? [1 point]
5. Where was the crocodile kept? [1 point]
6. What did the emperor’s slave do? [2 points]
7. How do we know that the crocodile died happily? [2 points]

[B] Find the Latin

1. He heard the boy wailing …
2. He thought to himself …
3. It isn’t proper ¦ for you (to eat…)
4. … filled with sleep and food…

 ____________________

[1] He quickly swam to the the body of the pig │ [2] opened (his) mouth │ and [3] devoured the pig. But [4] the hook stuck │ [5] in his mouth │ [6] and the old man dragged │ [7] Robert / the crocodile │ [8] with the line │ [9] out of the river Nile.

31.07.24: Level 1; Ora Maritima [6](3)

 

Agellus patruī meī in Cantiō est, inter Dubrās et Rutupiās situs. Dubrae et Rutupiae oppida antīqua sunt. Multa sunt monumenta antīqua in Britanniā, multa vestīgia Rōmānōrum. Reliquiae villārum, oppidōrum, amphitheātrōrum Rōmānōrum hodiē exstant. Multae viae Rōmānae in Britanniā sunt.

In Cantiō est via Rōmāna inter Rutupiās et Londinium. Solum Britannicum multōs nummōs aureōs, argenteōs, aēneōs et Britannōrum et Rōmānōrum occultat. Rusticīs nummī saepe sunt causa lucrī, cum arant vel fundāmenta aedificiōrum antīquōrum excavant. Nam nummōs antīquōs magnō pretiō vēnumdant. Patruō meō magnus numerus est nummōrum Rōmānōrum.

Vocabulary

Dubrae, -ārum [1/f/pl]: Dover

Rutupiae, -ārum [1/f/pl]: Richborough

exstō, -āre [1]: exist

occultō, -āre [1]: hide

reliquiae, -ārum [1/f/pl]: remains

vēnumdō, -āre [1]: sell

Notes

[1] The text reviews neuter nouns in the 2^nd declension:

lucrum, -ī [2/n]: profit

monumentum, -ī [2/n]: monument

oppidum, -ī [2/n]: town

solum, -ī [2/n]: soil

aedificium, -ī [2/n]: building

amphitheātrum, -ī [2/n]:

Cantium, -ī [2/n]: promontory in England; now Kent

Londinium, -ī [2/n]: London

pretium, -ī [2/n]: price

vestigium, -ī [2/n]: trace

[2] The use of the dative to express:

[i] to whom something is of benefit

• Rusticīs nummī saepe sunt causa lucrī │ The coins are often a source of profit for the countryfolk.

[ii] possession

• Patruō meō magnus numerus est ¦ nummōrum Rōmānōrum. │[Literally: To my uncle (there is a large number) = My uncle has a large number ¦ of Roman coins.

[3] The use of the ablative to express the price for which something is sold.

• Nam nummōs antīquōs magnō pretiō vēnumdant. │ For they sell the ancient coins for / at a high price.

[4] A number of towns in Latin are in the plural:

• Dubrae: Dover
• Rutupiae: Richborough

Therefore, they will decline as plural nouns:

• inter Dubrās et Rutupiās

The most well-known of these types of plural place names is Athēnae (Athens).

30.07.24: Level 1; Maxey (7)

Haec est casa Americāna. Haec casa iānuam habet. Iānua est clausa. Multās fenestrās quoque habet. Fenestrae sunt magnae. Fenestra Americāna mihi grāta est. Estne tibi grāta?

Haec est casa Rōmāna. Casa nōn est magna; est parva.

Iānuam habet. Iānua est aperta. Fenestrās habet sed nōn multās fenestrās. Fenestrae Rōmānae nōn sunt magnae; sunt parvae. Fenestrae Rōmānae sunt altae. Nōn sunt clārae. Fenestrās Rōmānās nōn amō. Fenestrās Americānās laudō. Americānī fenestrās apertās saepe habent. Fenestrae Rōmānae nōn sunt apertae; sunt clausae. Fenestrās apertās laudō.

The door is closed.

The house / cottage isn’t big.

The windows are large.

__________

This house has a door.

It also has many windows.

__________

Nominative plural: fenestrae

Accusative plural: fenestrās

 

29.07.24: Level 2; Dē crocodīlō [2]

adligō, adligāre, adligāvī [1]: bind / tie (to)

dolus, -ī [2/m]: trick

excōgitō, excōgitāre, excōgitāvī [1] devise; think up

fūnis, -is [3/m]: line; rope; cord

hāmus, -ī [2/m]: hook

omnīnō: entirely; utterly

ululō, ululāre, ululāvī [1]: howl

venter, ventris [3/m]: belly; stomach

[A]

1. What did the man think would happen to the second son? [1 point]
2. Why did the second son not see the body of his brother? [2 points]
3. What did the third son feel about the crocodile? [2 points]
4. What did the father think up? [1 point]
5. What did he carry to the river bank? [2 points]
6. What did the father do with the hook? [4 points]: Hāmum quoque habēbat, quem │[i] in porcī │[ii] cadāvere cēlāvit │ et [iii] ad fūnem │ [iv] adligāvit.

[B] What case are the nouns in bold and why is that case being used?

1. Deinde senex secundō fīliō … exclāmāvit.
2. Spectā cadāver frātris tuī!
3. Nōlī ad flūmen Nīlum adīre!
4. Namque in Nīlō habitat crocodīlus …
5. … frātrem tuum dēvorāvit…
6. … namque iam [1] in ventre [2] Rōbertī iacēbat
7. …vidēns hunc stultum puerum

Notes:

[1] … et fīlium tertium ¦ in rīpā stantem ¦ longō baculō pulsāvit. │ …and, with a long stick, he beat the third son ¦ standing on the bank; again, ‘stantem’ is an example of a present active participle which will be discussed after these texts.

[2] magnā vōce ¦ ululāvit │ he howled ¦ in a loud voice; ablative case to indicate the manner in which an action is performed 

28.07.24: Level 1; Ora Maritima [6](2); cloze

book: https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/445400638071210/

Agellus patruī meī in __________ est, inter Dubrās et Rutupiās situs. Dubrae et Rutupiae __________ antīqua sunt. Multa sunt __________ antīqua in Britanniā, multa __________ Rōmānōrum. Reliquiae villārum, __________, __________ Rōmānōrum hodiē exstant. Multae viae Rōmānae in Britanniā sunt. In Cantiō est via Rōmāna inter Rutupiās et Londinium. __________ Britannicum multōs nummōs aureōs, argenteōs, aēneōs et Britannōrum et Rōmānōrum occultat. Rusticīs nummī saepe sunt causa lucrī, cum arant vel __________ __________ antīquōrum excavant. Nam nummōs antīquōs magnō __________ vēnumdant. Patruō meō magnus numerus est nummōrum Rōmānōrum.

aedificiōrum; amphitheātrōrum; Cantiō; fundāmenta; monumenta

oppida; oppidōrum; pretiō; solum; vestīgia

27.07.24: Level 1: Maxey (6)

Epistulam habeō. Epistulam nautae ostendō. Nauta epistulam videt. Epistulam spectat. Est epistula nautae. Nauta epistulam cupit. Nautae epistulam dō. Nunc epistulam habet et laetus est. Mihi grātiās agit. Epistulam legit. In epistulā est pictūra. Nunc mihi pictūram mōnstrat.

[1] Find the noun in the text.

[2] What ending does the noun have?

[3] Why is that ending being used?

a.      The sailor sees the letter.

b.      I have a letter.

c.      I show [i] the letter [ii] to the sailor.

d.      It’s the sailor’s letter [= the letter ¦ of the sailor]

e.      It’s the letter of the sailor.

f.        I give [i] the letter [ii] to the sailor.

g.       There is a picture in the letter.

h.      There is a picture in the letter.

__________

Nominative: epistula

Genitive: epistulae

Dative: epistulae

Accusative: epistulam

Ablative: epistulā

__________

Match the case name with its use

Nominative:

Genitive:

Dative:

Accusative:

Ablative:

The ‘owner’ of something e.g. This is my brother’s friend.

Many uses including with prepositions such as ‘in’.

The direct object of a sentence e.g. I read a book.

The subject of the sentence or after the verb ‘to be’: The book belongs to me. It’s a book about history.

The indirect object of a sentence e.g. I give a book to a friend.

26.07.24: Level 2; Dē crocodīlō [1]

hiō, hiāre, hiāvī [1]: yawn
līmus, -ī [2/m]: mud
mōs, mōris [3/m]: manner / way of behaving
namque: for; since i.e. because
pāreō, pārēre [2]: obey; the verb is followed by a noun in the dative case
pūrgō, purgāre, pūrgāvī [1]: clean
sapiēns, sapientis: wise

[A] In the next three posts which cover this text, I’ve added a number of ‘points’ after each question. If anybody is preparing for a Latin examination, reading comprehension questions will often be followed by a number in brackets, the bigger the number, the more detailed the examiners want the answer to be.

1.      Where exactly did the crocodile live? [2 points]
2.      What did the crocodile do when the sun was shining? [3 points]
3.      How did the bird help the crocodile? [4 points]
4.      What two good characteristics did the crocodile have, and which bad one? [4 points]
5.      Who also lived in the same place? [1 point]
6.      How many sons did he have? [1 point]
7.      Why is the man described as wise? [1 point]
8.      What did he advise his first son not to do, and why? [3 points]
9.      How did the son react to his father’s advice? [2 points]
10.  What did the crocodile do when he saw the boy? [2 points]

[B]
1.      What case is ‘O mī fīlī!’
2.      What is the meaning of ‘que’ in benevolusque?

Notes:

[1] quīdam, quaedam, quoddam: a certain (person / thing); some (person / thing)

• Olim crocodīlus quīdam in Aegyptō habitābat. │ There once lived a certain crocodile in Egypt i.e. quīdam makes the reference non-specific
• Senex quīdam │ a certain old man
• Avis quaedam sapiēns │ a certain wise bird

Many examples of this occur in the Mediaeval text Gesta Rōmānōrum

• Rēx quīdam rēgnāvit, in cuius imperiō erat quīdam iuvenis. │ There ruled a certain emperor in whose empire was a certain young man.
• Imperātrīx quaedam erat, in cuius imperiō erat quīdam mīles │ There was a certain empress in whose empire was a certain soldier
• Perrexit ad quendam philosophum … │ He proceeded / went (on) to a certain philosopher …
• Ad quandam cīvitātem … vēnit │ He came to a certain city.
• Accidit quōdam diē …  │ It happened on a certain day …

The declension of quīdam can be found at:

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quidam#Latin

[2] crocodīlus … cui nōmen Rōbertus erat. │ Literally: a crocodile to whom was the name Robert = a crocodile … whose name was Robert / … who had the name Robert.

[3] dum sōl lūcet [present], Rōbertus …dormiēbat [imperfect] │ While the sun was shining, Robert … used to sleep

Although the sentence is in the past tense, dum (while) is regularly used with the present tense to indicate that the action was happening at the same time. English would translate it with a past tense.

Dum hiat [present], avis quaedam sapiēns ad eum advolābat [imperfect] … │ While he was yawning, a certain wise bird used to fly to him …

Hoc dum nārrat [present], forte audīvī [perfect] (Terence) │ I happened to hear this while she was telling it.

[4] Rōbertus igitur, vidēns ¦ hunc stultum puerum ¦ ad flūmen ambulantem … │ Robert, therefore, seeing ¦ this foolish boy ¦ walking towards the river …; ‘vidēns’ and ‘ambulantem’ are examples of present active participles describing what the nouns are doing. Detailed information on this important aspect of Latin grammar is coming up after the text has been covered.

25.07.24: Level 1; Ora Maritima [6](1)

book: https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/445400638071210/

In which order [1-8] does the author first refer to the following:    

• a personal coin collection
• description of the towns
• gold coins
• location of his uncle’s plot of land
• making money (careful!)
• ploughing
• remains of Roman buildings                                   
• Roman roads                                                           

OM_06

9.      Agellus patruī meī in Cantiō est, inter Dubrās et Rutupiās situs. Dubrae et Rutupiae oppida antīqua sunt. Multa sunt monumenta antīqua in Britanniā, multa vestīgia Rōmānōrum. Reliquiae villārum, oppidōrum, amphitheātrōrum Rōmānōrum hodiē exstant. Multae viae Rōmānae in Britanniā sunt. In Cantiō est via Rōmāna inter Rutupiās et Londinium. Solum Britannicum multōs nummōs aureōs, argenteōs, aēneōs et Britannōrum et Rōmānōrum occultat. Rusticīs nummī saepe sunt causa lucrī, cum arant vel fundāmenta aedificiōrum antīquōrum excavant. Nam nummōs antīquōs magnō pretiō vēnumdant. Patruō meō magnus numerus est nummōrum Rōmānōrum.

____________________

[1] My uncle's plot of land is in Kent, between Dover and Richborough. [2] Dover and Richborough are ancient towns. There are many ancient monuments in Britain, many traces of the Romans. [3] Remains of Roman villas, towns, and amphitheatres exist today. There are many [4] Roman roads in Britain. In Kent there is a Roman road between Richborough and London. The British soil hides many [5] gold, silver, and bronze coins of both the Britons and the Romans. The coins are often a [6] source of profit for people living in the countryside when they’re [7] ploughing or excavating the foundations of ancient buildings. For they sell ancient coins at a great price. [8] My uncle has a large number of Roman coins.

24.07.24: level 1; 4th conjugation verbs

Match the verbs with the images. The list isn’t entirely random; the first two are obvious, but take a look at the derivatives of most of the others (in bold) in the word cloud.

fīniō, -īre [4]

pūniō, -īre [4]

____________________

aperiō, -īre [4]

audiō, -īre [4] 

cūstōdiō, -īre [4] 

dormiō, -īre [4] 

impediō, -rē [4] 

mūniō, -īre [4]

oboediō, -īre [4]

sciō, -īre [4] 

sentiō, -īre [4]

sepeliō, -īre [4]

veniō, -īre [4]

____________________

ēsuriō, -īre [4]

feriō, -īre [4]

nesciō, -īre [4]

saeviō, -īre [4]

saliō, -re [4]

sitiō, -īre [4]

vinciō, īre [4]

23.07.24: Level 2; Practice in reading the perfect tense; A First Latin Reader (Vincent) [6]

Translation and answer in the comments

In which order are the following statements first referred to?

• defending the bridge
• destroying the bridge
• fighting alone
• Horatius’ comrades
• swimming across the river
• the Etruscans
• the name of a river

Posteā Tarquinius et Lars Porsenna, quī erat rēx Etrūscōrum, ad oppidum appropinquābant. Tiberis, fluvius longus et lātus, erat inter Rōmānōs et Etrūscōs. Horātius et Lartius et Herminius pontem contrā cōpiās Porsennae dēfendēbant; intereā Rōmānī pontem dēlēbant. Inde Horātius, ubi Lartium et Herminium remīsit, sōlus contrā Etrūscōs pugnābat. Ubi Rōmānī pontem dēlēvērunt, Horātius trāns fluvium natāvit tūtus.

Posteā Tarquinius ¦ et Lars Porsenna, ¦ quī erat rēx Etrūscōrum, ¦ … │ Afterwards Tarquinius ¦ and Lars Porsenna ¦ who was the king of the Etruscans …

[1] Lars Porsenna: the antecedent i.e. the person(s) / thing(s) to which the relative pronoun (quī) refers in the relative clause (quī erat rēx Etrūscōrum)

[2] quī: [i] masculine singular agreeing with Lars Porsenna (masculine singular) [ii] nominative case because it refers to the subject: Lars Porsenna ¦ who was king …

____________________

Afterwards Tarquinius and Lars Porsenna, who was king of the [1] Etruscans, approached the town. [2] The Tiber, a long and broad river, was between the Romans and the Etruscans. Horatius and [3] Lartius and Herminius were [4] defending the bridge against the forces of Porsenna; Meanwhile the Romans were [5] destroying the bridge. Then Horatius, when he sent back Lartius and Herminius, [6] fought alone against the Etruscans. When the Romans destroyed the bridge, Horace [7] swam safely across the river. 

____________________

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruria

Map showing Etruria and Etruscan colonies as of 750 BC and as expanded until 500 BC

By NormanEinstein - Based on a map from The National Geographic Magazine Vol.173 No.6 June 1988., CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=241378

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_language

By SBAUmbria - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=33249416

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etruscan_art

By Sailko - Own work, CC BY 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1464437

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatius_Cocles

23.07.24: level 2; is, ea, id [10]

Take a look at these two English sentences:

Did you buy the book I was telling you about? │ Did you buy that book I was telling you about?

There’s really no difference between the two i.e. both ‘the’ and ‘that’ are simply referring back to something that was talked about before. You’re not saying “I’d like to buy that book” and pointing to it on a shelf.

is, ea and id can also be used in this way. This is the closest we sometimes get in Latin to translating a word as ‘the’:

Tum ad Sullam iter fēcit et in eō itinere ter hostium exercitūs fūdit. │ He then made a journey [i.e. marched] to Sulla, and on the way [i.e. on that / the journey] he defeated the enemy's army three times.

• in eā parte caelī │in that part of the sky (the speaker isn’t pointing to the sky but referring to a part of the sky previously mentioned)
• Post id proelium iterum hūc vēnī … │ After that / the battle, I came here …
• Itaque ad ea moenia cōpiās suās dūxit. │And so, he led his troops to those / the walls …
• Saepe eīs temporibus ubi erant servī, clāmōrēs servōrum vulnerātōrum audīvī. │ Often in those times when there were slaves, they heard the cries of wounded slaves.
• Eīs diēbus barbarī magnā vī impetūs faciēbant … │ In those days the barbarians made attacks with great force.

Below are some examples of is, ea, id being used in different ways. Note the translations.

Eī quī auxilium rogant nōn validī videntur neque eōs hostēs timent. 

• Those who ask for help do not seem strong, nor do the enemy fear them.

Uxor erat eī Eurydicē nōmine, quam maximē amābat. Cum eā in prātīs nitidīs lūdere gaudēbat. Prope Thrāciae ōram poēta uxorque eius bene beātēque vīvēbant.

• He had a wife [i.e. to him was a wife] by the name of Eurydice whom he very much loved. He enjoyed playing with her in the shining meadows. Near the shore of Thrace the poet and his wife lived well and happily.

Eō tempore, Octāvius contrā Mārcum Antōnium bellum gessit.

• At that time Octavius waged war against Mark Anthony.

“Percussit Absalom omnēs fīliōs rēgis, et nōn remānsit ex eīs saltem ūnus.”  (Vulgate)

• “Absalom has struck down all the king’s sons; not one of them is left.”

Et nōluit audīre eam: sed vocātō puerō quī ministrābat eī, dīxit: ēice hanc ā mē forās, et claudē ōstium post eam. (Vulgate)

• And he refused to hear [listen to] her, but he called the boy who attended to him (i.e. was his servant) and said, “Throw this woman out away from me, and bolt the door after her.”

Nēmō eōrum relēgātus in exilium est. (Livy)

• None / not one of them was sent into exile.

22.07.24: Level 1; Ora Maritima; review

book: https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/445400638071210/

[A] Match the sentences with the images:

[B] What case is in bold and why is it being used? 

1. Aquam portāmus.

2. Circum villam est hortus.

3. Cum patruō meō in hortō saepe ambulās.

4. Hortum irrigāmus.

5. Magnus est numerus rosārum et violārum.

6. Murus hortī nōn altus est.

7. Patruus meus agellō suō operam dat.

8. Rivus est prope hortum.

21.07.24: Level 2; NLE 2008 (Intro) questions 13-30

IN THE ARENA

A large gladiator impatiently challenges his small opponent

image #1: questions

image #2: answers and outline of what the test paper is looking for

21.07.24: level 1; 3rd conjugation verbs

Match the verbs with the images.

1. bibō, bibere [3]

2. cadō, cadere [3]

3. currō, currere [3]

4. discō, discere [3]

5. dūcō, dūcere [3]

6. edō, edere [3]

7. emō. ēmerē [3]

8. legō, legere [3]

9. lūdō, lūdere [3]

10. pōnō, pōnere [3]

11. scrībō, scribere [3]

12. vēndō, vēndere [3]

20.07.24: Level 2; Practice in reading the perfect tense; A First Latin Reader (Vincent): finding your way around Rome’s early history

Match the names of the descriptions with the places in the word cloud.

1. Ancient city in Latium, east of Rome
2. Ancient city in North Africa
3. Ancient city in present-day Turkey
4. Ancient city in the Alban Hills
5. Ancient Roman temple
6. Island off the coast of modern Turkey; location where the Greeks hid their ships during the siege of Troy
7. Major river in Italy; main watercourse in Rome
8. One of the seven hills of Rome
9. One of the seven hills of Rome
10. Region of Italy; location of Rome

20.07.24: level 2; is, ea, id [9]

Choose the correct pronoun; each of them has a very specific translation.

Answers are at the end.

1.      Haec verba __________ dīc. │ Say these words to them.

2.      __________ servī erant bonī. │ His slaves were good

3.      Cornēlia bene __________ cūrāvit. │ Cornelia looked after them well.

4.      Vir __________ __________ nārrāre coepit. │ The man began to talk about them.

5.      Fāna __________ vastāvit. │ He destroyed their shrines.

6.      Sermōnem __________ __________ habuit. │ He had a talk with them.

7.      Quās rēs tū cottīdiē facis, __________ ego quoque faciō. │ What things you do every day, I also do them.

8.      Nōnnūllās __________ avidē dēvorāvit. │ He greedily devoured some of them.

9.      __________ __________ in aciē contendit. │ He fought with him on the battle line.

10. Bonum medicāmentum __________ dabō. │ I shall give good medicine to him.

eōs; eōrum; eius; eīs; eī; eās; eārum; dē eīs; cum eō; cum eīs

Image: the Mykonos Vase (c. 675 BC), the earliest depiction of the Trojan Horse; the Greeks are hiding in the horse

..equō nē crēdite, Teucrī. │ Do not trust the horse, Trojans

quidquid id est, timeō Danaōs et dōna ferentēs. │ Whatever it is, I fear the Greeks even when bearing gifts.

Vergil, Aeneid II.13-16 & 48-49

____________________

1. Haec verba eīs dīc.

2. Eius servī erant bonī.

3. Cornēlia bene eōs cūrāvit.

4. Vir dē eīs nārrāre coepit.

5. Fāna eōrum vastāvit.

6. Sermōnem cum eīs habuit.

7. Quās rēs tū cottīdiē facis, eās ego quoque faciō

8. Nōnnūllās eārum avidē dēvorāvit

9. Cum eō in aciē contendit.

10. Bonum medicāmentum eī dabō.

19.07.24: Level 1; Ora Maritima [5](2)

book: https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/445400638071210/

What case is in bold and why is it being used?

Ex [1] hortō [2] patruī meī [3] scopulōs albōs ōrae maritimae spectāmus. [4] Scopulī sunt altī. Et [5] ōra Francogallica nōn procul abest. Noctū ex [6] scopulīs pharōs [7] ōrae Francogallicae spectāmus, velut stellās clārās in [8] ōceanō. Quam bellus es, [9] ōceane, cum [10] lūna [11] undās tuās illustrat! Quantopere mē dēlectat vōs, [12] undae caeruleae, spectāre, cum tranquillae estis et [13] arēnam [14] ōrae maritimae lavātis! Quantopere me dēlectātis cum turbulentae estis et sub [15] scopulīs spūmātis et murmurātis!

1. ex hortō
2. Ex hortō ¦ patruī meī …
3. Scopulōs albōs … spectāmus.
4. Scopulī sunt altī.
5. Ōra Francogallica nōn procul abest.
6. ex scopulīs
7. pharōs ¦ ōrae ¦ Francogallicae spectāmus.
8. in ōceanō
9. Quam bellus es, ōceane.
10. Lūna undās tuās illustrat.
11. Lūna undās tuās illustrat.
12. Quantopere mē dēlectat vōs, undae caeruleae …
13. Arēnam … lavātis.
14. arēnam ¦ ōrae ¦ maritimae
15. sub scopulīs

18.07.24: level 1; bright white (and purple) politicians

Are your politicians ‘shining white’? Those seeking political office in Ancient Rome liked to give the impression that they were. They wandered around wearing bleached white togas, a symbol of purity. An aspiring politican was known as a candidātus with reference to the shining white colour. And from that we have the word candidate.

Tyrian purple dye, which was made from the secretions of sea snails, was extremely expensive in antiquity. Therefore, the colour was worn by Roman magistrates; it became the imperial colour worn by the rulers of the Byzantine Empire and the Holy Roman Empire.

17.07.24: Level 1; review; prepositions

This post isn’t about what case(s) these prepositions take, but simply about reviewing their meanings. It is not a complete list but these are ones that commonly occur. Match the meanings with the prepositions in the word cloud. I have given one or two distinct meanings for each of them although, in context, there may be different translations. Many people say, quite rightly, that Latin helps with English – but it can be the other way around. Of the twenty prepositions listed, sixteen of them occur in English as prefixes with the same original meaning.

1. (away) from
2. (down) from; about / concerning
3. (together) with
4. above
5. across
6. after; behind
7. against
8. among; between
9. around (physically)
10. at the house of [ = Fr. chez]
11. for; on behalf of; as a prefix: idea of 'moving forward'
12. in front of; before
13. in or, depending on case, into
14. near
15. on account of
16. out of
17. through; along
18. to(wards)
19. under
20. without

And how many of these are in English?

a.m. = ante meridiem = before noon

abnormal

antenatal

attract [from La. ad+ trahere > attrahō, -ere (3): pull towards]

circumference; circumnavigate the globe

conference [con-: variation of cum]

contradict

de-ice the car; descend; description

exit

inspect i.e. look into something; inhabitant i.e. someone who lives in a particular location

international

peruse a book

p.m = post meridiem = after midday

postnatal

pro Republican / Democrat (no political bias here); progress

submarine

supernatural

transport

 

17.07.24: Level 2; Practice in reading the perfect tense; A First Latin Reader (Vincent): Who’s who?

So far, there have been five posts with the title of A First Latin Reader by Vincent (1936) and already you can see that, in the early history of Rome, there are many names involved. Try this match up exercise so that, gradually you can put the jigsaw pieces together.

1. first queen of Carthage
2. king of Alba Longa; grandfather of the twin brothers
3. king of Alba Longa; ordered the death of the twin brothers
4. king of the Etruscans
5. king of the Rutuli, chief antagonist of Aeneas
6. mother of the twin boys
7. one of the two first consuls of the Roman Republic
8. one of the two first consuls of the Roman Republic
9. the founder of Rome
10. the seventh and last king of Rome
11. the twin brother of the founder of Rome
12. Trojan hero