The water springeth out of a fountain, │ Aqua scatet ē fonte,
floweth downwards
in a brook (rushing stream), │ dēfluit in torrente,
runneth in
a beck (small stream), │ mānat in rīvō,
standeth in
a pond, │ stat in stāgnō,
glideth in
a stream (river), │ fluit in flūmine,
is whirled about
in a whirl-pit │ gȳrātur in vortice,
and
causeth fens (marshland). │ & facit palūdēs.
The river hath
banks. │ Flūmen habet rīpās.
Note: in the
second part, all the nouns listed are accusative plural i.e. they are all the
direct objects of mare facit │ the sea makes …, and, the final
one, (mare) habet │ (the sea) has …
The sea maketh shores, │ Mare facit lit(t)ora,
bays, capes, │ sinūs, prōmontōria,
islands, “almost
islands”, │ īnsulās, penīnsulās,
necks of land,
straights (straits), │ isthmōs, frēta,
and hath (in it) rocks. │ & habet scopulōs.
fluō, -ere, flūxī
[3]: flow > fluctus, -ūs [4/m]: wave; also unda, -ae [1/f]:
wave
dēfluō, -ere, dēflūxī [3]: flow down
flūmen, flūminis
[3/n]: river; also: fluvius, -ī [2/m]
fōns, fōntis
[3/m]: [i] water issuing from the ground; spring [ii] artificial fountain; well
frētum, -ī [2/n]:
strait; channel; the satellite image is of the Strait of Messina between Sicily
and Italy which, in Roman history, is of major significance; this was the
location of the first military clash between the Romans and the Carthaginians
i.e. the beginning of the First Punic War.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Messana
gȳrātur │ is turned around, rotated
< gȳrō, -āre, -āvī,
-ātus [1]: revolve; turn in a circle
īnsula, -ae [1/f]: island; Engl. deriv. insular, insulate
isthmus, -ī [2/m]: isthmus; strip of land between two seas
litus, litoris
[3/n]: shore; also: ōra, -ae [1/f] maritima
mānō, -āre, -āvī
[1]: flow; run; trickle
paenīnsula, -ae
[1/f] < paene: almost + īnsula: island; also: pēnīnsula, -ae
[1/f]: the word ‘peninsula’ entered English in the 16th century
although Hoole, the translator, still refers to it as an “almost island”; the
Latin term was coined by Livy to describe New Carthage
palūs, palūdis
[3/f]: marsh; swamp; fen
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fens [See: “Roman farming and engineering”]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fen_Causeway
prōmontōrium (or:
prōmunturium), -ī [2/n]: (Mediaeval) promontory; cape; headland. The image is
of the Capo Miseno, the promontory and town in Campania (La: Mīsēnum). This
was the location of the Roman fleet, of which Pliny the Elder was the
commander, and it was from here he sailed in the direction of the erupting
Mount Vesuvius in AD79 - unwisely in retrospect since everybody else was trying
to sail away from it.
rīpa, -ae [1/f]:
bank of a river
rīvus, -ī [2/m]:
small stream of water, brook
scateō, -ēre, -uī
[2]: spring; gush; bubble
scopulus, -ī
[2/m]: crag; cliff; rock, specifically a rock in or under the
sea, hence Hoole’s translation:
… and hath in it rocks. │ … & habet scopulōs.
sinus, -ūs [4/m]:
gulf; bay
stāgnum, -ī [2/n]:
pond; swamp; any form of standing water
torrēns, torrentis
[3/m]: (rushing) stream
vortex, vorticis [3/m], older form of vertex, verticis [3/m]: (here) whirlpool
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