We first focus on 3rd conjugation verbs (indicated in bold):
In peristȳlō
Peristȳlum līberōs Tulliae dēlectat. Puellae statuās
saepe ōrnant. Aulus et Lūcius ibi student. Puerī parvī
in peristȳlō libenter lūdunt quod in peristȳlō est aqua. Puerī parvī
nāviculās
ligneās habent. Tullia in peristȳlō
saepe sedet et lūdōs līberōrum spectat. Interdum Tullia cum līberīs
lūdit. Hodiē
Publius et Servius domī
sunt sed Lūcius et Aulus in lūdō
sunt. Ā domiciliō Tullia clāmat, “ubi
es, Pūblī?
Quid agis?” Pūblius respondet, “lūdō in peristȳlō, Tullia.” Tum Tullia clāmat, “ubi
tū lūdis, Servī?” “ego quoque in peristȳlō
lūdō,”
respondet Servius. “num in aquā lūditis?” Rogat Tullia. “in aquā
nōn lūdimus sed nāviculae
nostrae sunt in aquā. Nāviculās
ad Graeciam et ad Crētam mittimus,” respondent puerī parvī.
“Quid audīs, Pūblī? Quis venit?” Subitō
rogat Servius. “Lūcius et Aulus in domicilium veniunt,” respondet Pūblius. “venitne
paedagōgus cum puerīs, Pūblī?”
“puerī
cum paedagōgō veniunt.” “cūr, Lūcī, ā
lūdō
mātūrē venis?” Clāmat Pūblius. “veniō
quod magister est aeger,”
respondet Lūcius. “nōnne
tū et Aulus in peristȳlum venītis?”
Clāmat Servius. “in peristȳlum
nōn venīmus.
Ad Tulliam venīmus,” puerī
respondent.
We can use the
verb lūdō, lūdere as an example of a third conjugation verb:
lūdō, -ere [3]: to
play; note the difference between 2nd and 3rd conjugation
infinitives:
respondeō, respondēre
[2]: reply; the infinitive ending has a long and stressed ē [re-spon-dḗ-re]
lūdō, lūdere
[3]: play; the infinitive ending has a short and unstressed e [lū-dĕ-re]
the 3rd
conjugation is formed by removing the infinitive ending i.e. lūd¦ere > lūd-
to which the following endings are added:
lūdō: I
play, am playing [the personal ending is added directly to the stem]
lūdis:
you (sg.) play [personal ending + stem vowel -i-]
lūdit:
he / she / it plays
lūdimus:
we play
lūditis:
you (pl.) play
lūdunt:
they play [personal ending + stem vowel -u-]
Dē equō ligneō
Multī dominī
Rōmānī servōs Graecōs habent. Servī Graecī saepe sunt paedagōgī puerōrum
Rōmānōrum. Dominī paedagōgōs cum fīliīs ad lūdum mittunt. Paedagōgus
Lūcī et Aulī est Graecus. Puerīs fābulās dē Graeciā saepe nārrat. Fābula dē
equō ligneō Lūcium et Aulum dēlectat.
"Graecī sunt
īrātī quod Troiānī pulchram fēminam Graecam Troiae tenent. Itaque multī armātī
ōrās Graeciae relinquunt et Troiam nāvigant. Interim Troiānī arma et
frūmentum cōgunt et mūrōs Troiae dīligenter mūniunt. Posteā Graecī mūrōs
oppugnant et longum bellum cum Troiānīs gerunt. Sunt multa proelia in
ōrīs Troiae sed deī neque Graecīs neque Troiānīs victōriam dant.
"Tandem
Graecī magnum equum ligneum aedificant. Noctū multī armātī in equum ascendunt.
Tum reliquī Graecī ad īnsulam parvam nāvigant sed equum extrā mūrōs Troiae relinquunt.
Māne Troiānī ā Troiae mūrīs equum magnum vident. Portās celeriter aperiunt et
ad equum properant. Multī clāmant, 'Est certē dōnum deōrum! Troiānī equum nōn
timent sed dēsīderant; itaque equum intrā mūrōs trahunt. Noctū armātī ex
equō veniunt. Troiānī Graecōs nōn impediunt quod armātōs nōn audiunt. Ab īnsulā
parvā ad Troiae portās reliquī Graecī properant. Tum armātī ad portās veniunt
et sociōs intrā mūrōs dūcunt. Sīc Graecī Troiānōs vincunt et
Troiam incendunt."
Examples from the
texts:
[1] lūdō, -ere
[3]: play
Ego quoque in
peristȳlō lūdō. │ I’m
also playing in the peristyle garden.
Ubi tū lūdis?
│ Where are you playing?
Tullia cum līberīs
lūdit. │ Tullia is playing with the children.
In aquā nōn lūdimus.
│ We’re not playing in the water.
Num in aquā lūditis?
│ You’re (pl.) not playing in the water, are you?
Puerī parvī in
peristȳlō lūdunt. │
The little boys are playing in the peristyle garden.
[2]
ascendō, ascendere
[3]: to climb
Multī armātī in
equum ascendunt. │ Many armed men climb into the horse.
cōgō, cōgere
[3]: to collect; compel, force
Troiānī arma et
frūmentum cōgunt. │ The Trojans collect arms and grain.
dūcō, dūcere
[3]: to lead, guide
Armātī … sociōs
intrā mūrōs dūcunt. │ The armed men lead (their) comrades inside
the walls.
gerō, gerere
[3]: to carry on; wear; bellum gerere
[3]: to wage war
Graecī … longum
bellum cum Troiānīs gerunt. │ The Greeks wage a long war with the
Trojans.
incendō, incendere
[3]: to burn, set fire to
Graecī … Troiam incendunt.
│ The Greeks set fire to Troy.
mittō, mittere
[3]: to send
Nāviculās
ad Graeciam et ad Crētam mittimus.
│ We are sending the little ships to Greece and Crete.
Dominī paedagōgōs
cum fīliīs ad lūdum mittunt. │ The masters send the tutors with
(their) sons to school.
relinquō,
relinquere [3]: to leave, abandon
Multī armātī ōrās
Graeciae relinquunt. │ Many armed men leave the shores of Greece.
trahō, trahere
[3]: to drag, draw
Equum intrā mūrōs trahunt.
│ They drag the horse inside the walls.
vincō, vincere
[3]: to conquer, subdue, overcome
Graecī Troiānōs vincunt.
│ The Greeks conquer the Trojans.
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