20.08.25: topic; the elements [3](iii); Comenius (1658); Fire [iii] vocabulary: lines 7 – 10

[7] Smoak [smoke] ascendeth therefrom, which, sticking to the chimney, turneth into soot. │ Fūmus ascendit inde, quī, adhærāns camīnō, abit in fūlīginem.

[8] Of a fire-brand, (or burning stick) is made a brand, (or quenched stick). │Ex torre, (lignō ārdente,) fit titiō, (lignum extīnctum.)

[9] Of a hot coal (red hot / glowing [little] piece of a fire-brand) is made a coal,  (or a dead cinder). │ Ex prūnā, (candente particulā torris,) fit carbō, (particula mortua.)

[10] That which remaineth, is at last ashes, and embers (or hot [burning] ashes). │Quod remanet, tandem est cinis, & favīlla (ārdēns cinis.)

[7] Fūmus ascendit inde, quī, adhærāns camīnō, abit in fūlīginem.

[i] fūmus, -ī [2/m]: smoke; steam; Engl. deriv. fume

[7] Fūmus ascendit inde, quī, adhærāns camīnō, abit in fūlīginem.

[i] fūmus, -ī [2/m]: smoke; steam; Engl. deriv. fume

[ii] camīnus, -ī [2/m]: [i]  furnace (for metals i.e. a forge, or for heating a house) [ii] fireplace; Engl. deriv. chimney; Fr. cheminée; Gmn. Kamin

• the noun focus, -ī [2/m] means ‘hearth’; ‘fireplace’ but can also be used figuratively to mean ‘home and family’
• fornāx, fornācis [3/f]: furnace; oven; kiln

[iii] fūlīgō, fūlīginis [3/f]: soot

[8] Ex torre, (lignō ārdente,) fit titiō, (lignum extīnctum.)

[i] The following three nouns all refer to a form of torch or firebrand:

• fax, facis [3/f]

obsīdere cum gladiīs cūriam, … facēs ¦ ad īnflammandam urbem comparāre (Cicero) │ to besiege the senate-house with swords, to prepare … torches ¦ to burn the city

sinistrā manū retinēbat arcum, dextrā ārdentem facem praeferēbat (Cicero) │ in her left hand she carried her bow, her right hand held a burning torch

• torris, -is [3/m]

Dīxit, dextrāque āversa trementī fūnereum torrem mediōs coniēcit in ignēs (Ovid) │ She spoke, and turning her face away, with trembling hands, threw the fatal brand, into the midst of the fire. 

• tītiō, tītiōnis [3/m]; Celsus on treatments in a bath:

sī maiōre, exstīnctī titiōnēs involūtīque pāniculīs et sīc circumdatī │ if greater (heat is required), firebrands are extinguished, wrapped up in rags, and so put round him.

[ii] ex(s)tīnguō, -ere, ex(s)tīnxī, extīnctum [3]: put out (e.g. a fire); exstinguish; Engl. deriv. extinct

[9] Ex prūnā, (candente particulā torris,) fit carbō, (particula mortua.)

[i] prūna, -ae [1/f]: burning coal; glowing charcoal

[ii] candeō, -ēre, -uī [2]: [i] shine, glitter [ii] glow (with heat); burn

• candidus, -a, -um: shining white; Engl. deriv. candidate (CL: candidātus i.e. dressed in white, referring to the shining white togas of the great and the good of Rome who were up for election)
• candor, candōris [3/m]: [i] shining brightness; radiance [ii] openness; cando(u)r
• candēsco, -ere, canduī [3]: brighten; grow brighter; become red hot; Engl. deriv. incandescent

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/200424-inchoative-verbs.html

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/200424-inchoative-verbs-2.html

[iii] carbō, carbōnis [3/m]: coal; charcoal; Engl. deriv. carbon

[iv] particula, -ae [1/f]: small part; little bit; particle; diminutive of pars, partis [3/f]: part

[10] The two words for ‘ash’ are usually distinguished in Classical Latin as:

[i] cinis, cineris [3 m/f]: cold ashes; Engl. deriv. incinerate

[ii] favīlla, -ae [1/f]: glowing ashes, embers; “The ashes of a corpse that is burned” (Lewis & Short):

Diēs īræ, diēs illa │ The day of wrath, that day,
Solvet sæclum in favīllā │ will dissolve the world in ashes
Teste Dāvīd cum Sibyllā │ by the testimony of David together with the Sibyl.

Rēgum inde fūnebrēs tunicae corporis favīllam ab reliquō sēparant cinere (Pliny the Elder) │ The funeral tunics of kings from it separate the ashes of the body from the rest of the ashes.