Match the verbs in the wordcloud with the English verbs in bold:
Ludus pilae │tennis-play
In sphaeristēriō │ in a tennis court
lūditur
pilā │ they play with a ball
quam
alter mittit, │ which one throweth
alter
excipit │ the other receiveth
et
remittit │ and sendeth (it) back
rēticulō
│ with a racket
idque
est lūsus │ and that is the sport
nōbilium
│ of noble men
ad
commōtiōnem corporis │to stir their body
____________________
sphaeristērium, -ī [2/n]: (CL) large, open area connected with the Roman baths and used for exercise with balls; (New Latin) tennis court
reticulum,
-ī [2/n]: (CL) net; fishnet; (New Latin) tennis racquet
Note: lūditur; this is an example of an impersonal passive which has no exact equivalent in English; its literal meaning is “it is being played (with a ball)” i.e. the focus is on the action rather than whoever is performing the action; the nearest English can get to this is the vague and impersonal ‘they’ i.e. they play (it) with a ball.
Choose the appropriate verb from the wordcloud.
adiuvābimur; amābitur; dabor; docēbiminī; invītābor; laudābiminī;
monēbitur; necābitur; oppugnābuntur; ōrnābuntur; parābuntur; portābitur; servāberis;
timēberis; vidēberis; vidēbimur; vulnerābitur
Match the English with the Latin in the wordcloud
(s)he comes
boat
decorate
furthermost
gate
helmet
in vain
look at; watch
my
now
pirate
prow (of a ship)
spear; javelin
steer (a ship)
suddenly
tall; high; also: deep
tear (when crying)
then
tunic
you (singular) are
As mentioned in the previous post, there can be more than one Latin word for each idea.
[1]
[i] canistrilūdium, -ī [2/n]: basketball (the game)
[ii] corbifollis, -is [3/m]: basketball (the object)
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/canistriludium
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canistriludium
[2]
[i] tenilūdium, -ī [2/n]: tennis
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/teniludium
[ii] tenilūdus, -ī [2/m]
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teniludus
[iii] tenisia, -ae [1/f]
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/tenisia#Noun
all three listed at:
https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/tennis/
[3]
[i] tenisia mēnsālis
[ii] tenilūdium mēnsāle: table tennis
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teniludium_mensale
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WKjERp34fAQ
[4]
[i] ludus, -ī [2/m] pilae pennatae [literally: a game of a feathered ball]: badminton (the game)
[ii] pila, -ae [2/f] pennata [literally: a feathered
ball]: shuttlecock
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludus_pilae_pennatae
[5]
[i] lūdus, -ī [2/m] basipilae: baseball (the game)
[ii] basipila, -ae [1/f]: baseball (may refer to the ball
itself or to the game)
https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basipila
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/basipila#Noun
____________________
Basipilā
lūdō │ I play baseball
Corbifolle
lūdō │ I play basketball
Harpastō
lūdō │ I play rugby
Pilā
pinnatā lūdō │ I play badminton
Pedifolle
lūdō │ I play football
Tenisiā
lūdō │ I play tennis
Tenisiā mēnsālī lūdō │ I play table tennis
The future passive uses the same endings as the present and
imperfect passive i.e. -r, -ris, -tur, -mur, -minī, -ntur
However, misreadings can occur with this verb form and so we’ll
break it into two groups according to conjugation type:
1st / 2nd conjugation: the future tense
of 1st and 2nd conjugation verbs is instantly
recognisable and has been discussed in many previous posts: -bō / -bi- / -bu-
1st
laudābō │ I shall praise
laudābis │ you (sg.) will praise
laudābit │ he / she will praise
laudābimus │ we will praise
laudābitis │ you (pl.) will praise
laudābunt │ we will praise
2nd
monēbō │ I shall warn
monēbis │ you (sg.) will warn
monēbit │ he / she will warn
monēbimus │ we will warn
monēbitis │ you (pl.) will warn
monēbunt │ they will warn
When these change into the passive, the same passive endings
are used but note the small change in the *second person singular with the use
of -eris
1st
laudābō │ I shall praise > laudābor │I shall
be praised
laudābis │ you (sg.) will praise > *laudāberis
│ you (sg.) will be praised
laudābit │ he / she will praise > laudābitur │ he / she will be
praised
laudābimus │ we will praise > laudābimur │ we will be praised
laudābitis │ you (pl.) will praise > laudābíminī
│ you (pl.) will be praised [stress change: lau-da-bI-mi-ni]
laudābunt │ we will praise > laudābúntur │ they will be
praised [stress change: lau-da-bUn-tur]
2nd
monēbō │ I shall warn > monēbor │ I shall be
warned
monēbis │ you (sg.) will warn > *monēberis
│ you (sg.) will be warned
monēbit │ he / she will warn > monēbitur │ he
/ she will be warned
monēbimus │ we will warn > monēbimur │ we
will be warned
monēbitis │ you (pl.) will warn > monēbíminī
│ you (pl.) will be warned [stress change: mo-ne-bI-mi-ni]
monēbunt │ they will warn > monēbúntur │
they will be warned [stress change: mo-ne-bUn-tur]
A few separate lines from a bitter Catullus who’s broken up
with his erstwhile, on and off, fly-by-night girlfriend; these are only three
lines but, if you read more about this relationship, Catullus’ impression of
it, and the reality, don’t appear to match
amāta nōbīs quantum amābitur nūlla. │ loved by us [=me]
as no girl will ever be loved
At tū dolēbis [future active], cum rogāberis [future
passive] nūlla. │ And you will be sad when you aren’t asked [= you will not
be asked at all] i.e. Catullus, in my view, deceives himself by suggesting
that she’ll never find somebody else (in fact, she appears to have found several)
Quis nunc tē adībit [future active]? Cui vidēberis [future passive] bella? │ Who will come to you now? To whom will you seem beautiful? (those she met at street corners and alleyways apparently)
Listen to Vincent’s commentary again and fill in the missing words:
In silvā __________ exercēre et __________ et
facultātem latīnē loquendī __________.
Salvē, __________ facis?
__________.
__________ sumus?
In silvā __________.
__________ tibi?
__________ placet.
Trādō __________ novum __________ meum.
__________!
__________ timēre!
Omnia __________ silvestria __________ sunt __________.
Viātōrēs __________!
__________ nōs habēmus?
__________!
__________!
amīcī; amīcum; animālia; bene; corpus; deambulō; ecce;
īnsānī; maximē; mihi; nōlīte; optimē; placetne; possumus; quid; quōmodo; simul;
sumus; ubi; vōbis
Another great video from Vincent using a lot of important basic Latin. At the end they do sound as if they're about to invade Gaul.
[A] Transcript
In silvā possumus exercēre et corpus et facultātem latīnē
loquendī simul.
Salvē, quid facis?
Deambulō.
Ubi sumus?
In silvā sumus.
Placetne tibi?
Maximē placet.
Trādō vōbīs novum amīcum meum.
Ecce!
Nōlīte timēre!
Omnia animālia silvestria mihi sunt amīcī.
Viātōrēs īnsānī!
Quōmodo nōs habēmus?
Bene!
Optimē!
__________
[B] Find the Latin:
(The animals) are my friends = literally: are friends to me
at the same time [Engl. deriv. simultaneous]
Do you like (it) = literally: is it pleasing to you?
Don’t … > Don’t be afraid
Hello
How are we (doing)?
I introduce to you
I like (it) a lot = literally: it is very much pleasing to
me
I’m going for a walk
in Latin
Very good!
We are
We can / are able to … > We can exercise …
Well!
What …? > What are you doing?
Where …?
If you’ve been short-changed at KFC or somebody’s nicked your parking space, then do what the Romans did and write a …
dēfixiō, dēfixiōnis [3/f]: curse tablet, a scroll or an
inscription often made of lead, the wording of which was intended to bring harm
to a specific person
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curse_tablet
A collection of 130 curse tablets were discovered in the
Romano-British city of Bath; thefts from the bathhouses were common and, apart
from one, all the inscriptions refer to losses of personal property, some of
which name the culprit:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath_curse_tablets
https://www.romanbaths.co.uk/roman-curse-tablets
Image #1: The example below does refer to a “theft”, but the
“theft” of a person, namely a girl called Vilbia: the curse is written
backwards in order to enhance the effectiveness:
[I]VQ ¦ IHIM ¦ MAIBLIV ¦ TIVALO / [V]NI ¦ CIS ¦ TAVQIL ¦
[ODO]MOC ¦ AVQA
= QV[I] ¦ MIHI ¦ VILBIAM ¦ IN[V]OLAVIT ¦ SIC ¦ LIQVAT ¦
COM[ODO] ¦ AQVA │ May he who carried off Vilbia from me become as liquid as
water.
Below is the rest in its transposed form:
ELL[A]: she, as opposed to Classical Latin illa
M[V]TA: dumb
ELL[A] M[V]TA QVI EAM [VOR]AVIT SI = May she (become) dumb
who devoured* her [*other possibilities are suggested] whether it be …
Image #2: Whoever Vilbia was, several people had their eyes
on her; the image shows the “usual suspects”, Roman style
Quōmodo dīcitur "witch"?
[1] sāga, -ae [1/f]: witch; sooth-sayer; prophetess
[2] striga, -ae [1/f]: [i] witch; sorceress; hag [ii]
vampire; the word is derived from Anc. Gk στρίξ [stríx] ‘a screech-owl,’ a
creature believed by the ancients to suck the blood of young children
https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0062:entry=striga-harpers
[3] strīx, strīgis [3/f]: screech-owl; the bird was believed
to bring bad omens and became associated with evil spirits and vampirism
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/screech_owl#English
[4] venēfica, -ae [1/f]: [i] witch; sorceress [ii] female
poisoner
[5] image #1: haruspex, haruspicis [3/m]: diviner (who read
the intestines of sacrificed animals); sooth-sayer; the term is clearly
indicated in the inscription
[6] augur, -is [3 m/f]: also a diviner or soothsayer who
based predictions on the flights of birds; augurium, -ī [2/n]: augury,
referring to the practice of this type of divination
[7] magus, -ī [2/m]: wizard; magician; the term could also
be used both in a derogatory way to refer to a trickster or a charlatan and to
describe the Magician of the Tarot cards; the feminine equivalent is maga, -ae
[1/f]: enchantress; magician (fem.); witch
[8] maleficus, -ī [2/m]: evildoer; sorcerer; magician
[9] From the last word, we find far less “fun” mythological
stuff in the feminine form of maleficus:
image #2: Malleus Maleficārum │ the Hammer of Witches, a
book published in 1486 which proposed that witches be burned at the stake; the
book was revived, ironically, during the period of the Renaissance and partly
contributed to the prosecution of witches in the 16th and 17th century; the
image shows the 1574 edition
https://en.wikipedia.org/.../Witch_trials_in_early_modern...
[10] Image #3: from Latin familiāris, -e (belonging
to the household; familiar; intimate) or from the related noun familiāris,-is
[3/m] (servant; acquaintance), there is the English derived term familiar.
A witch’s familiars were attendant evil spirits often in the
form of animals. We tend to associate witches with black cats but the image
from 1579 of Hainous and Horrible Actes Committed by Elizabeth Stile also
shows toads.
image #4: early - possibly the earliest - depiction of
witches on broomsticks (1451)
Some Halloween reading from the Roman authors:
https://medium.com/.../wicked-witches-of-latin-literature...
And if you want to know how to spot a witch, the UK Monty
Python comedy team, mocking the brainless English peasantry in the 10th
century, will tell you ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rf71YotfykQ
Referring to: https://www.facebook.com/.../permalink/533141859297087/
Who’s who in the Greek and Roman monster world?
[a] Match the names with the images
centaurus, -ī [2/m]
Cerberus, -ī [2/m]
chimaera, -ae [1/f]
cyclōps, cyclōpis [3/m]
gorgō, gorgonis [3/f]
harpyia, -ae [1/f]
hydra, -ae [1/f]
Mīnōtaurus, -ī [2/m]
[b] Can you match the questions with the answers listed
below?
[1] What is name of the most famous Cyclops?
[2]
[i] Which monster could turn you into stone?
[ii] What was the name of the most famous one?
[iii] Who killed her?
[2] Who killed the Hydra?
[3] Who killed the Minotaur?
[4] Which of the monsters had the head of a lion, body of a
goat, and tail of a dragon?
[5] Which of the monsters had the upper body of a man and
the lower body of a horse?
[6] Which monster guarded the Underworld?
Centaur; Cerberus; Chimaera; Gorgon; Hercules; Medusa;
Perseus; Polyphemus; Theseus
Referring to: https://www.facebook.com/.../permalink/533141859297087/
mōnstrum, -ī [2/n] the term does not just refer to a
“monster” as we imagine it now, but anything that conjured up wonder or, in the
case of Plautus, fear …
Is this stereotypical comedy, where men think they’re in
charge – but it’s actually the women who call the shots – any different from
situation comedies now, yet they’re 2000 years apart?
monstrum mulieris, tantilla tanta verba funditat, (Plautus)
│ A monstrosity of a woman! Diminutive as she is, she does spit out such mighty
words
Referring to: https://www.facebook.com/.../permalink/533141859297087/
larva, -ae [1/f]: evil spirit; demon; ghost
Image: the skeleton of Pompeii
You can make your own for Halloween …
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oGufvzaNu-Q
Referring to: https://www.facebook.com/.../permalink/533141859297087/
All the words below have a meaning of ‘likeness’,
‘appearance’ or ‘imitation’ (the first three often refer to statues) and so
have a further meaning of “ghost” i.e. a likeness / copy / imitation of a
person alive
effigiēs, -ēī [5/f] > Engl. deriv. effigy
imāgō, imāginis [3/f] > Engl. deriv. image
simulācrum, -ī [2/n]: the word still exists in English
although it’s rarely used but has the same original meaning of ‘likeness’
https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Simulacrum
spectrum, -ī [2/n] (rare in CL): likeness, but by the
Renaissance is used specifically to refer to ‘spectres’ or ‘phantoms’: “…for
the spectre’s voice disturbed the very marrow in his bones.” (Dickens)
Referring to: https://www.facebook.com/.../permalink/533141859297087/
spīritus, -ūs [4/m]: [i] air [ii] ghost; spirit, a fourth
declension noun. Regardless of your beliefs the following is worth remembering
because it contains 3 declensions of masculine nouns all in the genitive case,
and it is the genitive case that indicates to which declension a noun belongs:
fīlius, -ī [2/m]: son
pater, patris [3/m]: father
spīritus, -ūs [4/m]: spirit
> In nōmine Patris et Fīliī et Spīritūs Sānctī
│ in the name of the Father and of the Son
and of the Holy Spirit
A few notes and additional vocabulary related to some of the words that were in this post:
https://www.facebook.com/.../permalink/533141859297087/
[i] umbra, -ae [1/f]: [i] shadow; shade [ii] ghost
Image #1: A form of it is used in the Mediaeval song O
Fortuna that describes fate as:
obumbrāta et vēlāta │ shadowed (darkened /
obscured) and veiled
[ii] In the plural it refers to the “shades” of the
Underworld. From the Aeneid:
Image#2: vel Pater omnipotēns adigat mē fulmine ad umbrās, /
pallentīs umbrās Erebī noctemque profundam │ or may the all-powerful Father
drive me with his thunderbolt to the shades (shadows) / to the pale ghosts and
deep night of Erebus*
*Erebus, -ī [2/m]: Erebus, the Latin equivalent of Anc. Gk. Ἔρεβος (Érebos), the God of
Darkness, “the Son of Chaos”
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Erebus
[iii] lemurēs, -um [3/m/pl]: spirits of the dead; ghosts
[iv] mānēs, -ium [3/m/pl]: the souls and spirits of the
dead; this is the word used on gravestones
18.09.24: Remembering a soldier
https://www.facebook.com/.../permalink/520709713873635/
19.03.24: tombstone for Bodicacia
https://www.facebook.com/.../permalink/409721888305752/
Image #3: DIS MANIBUS (to the spirits of the departed; often
abbreviated to D.M.)
Ad Iūliae casam _______ venit.
Rubra est pīrātae tunica, splendidae sunt ______ et hasta.
Iūlia prope ______ portam stat et _________ spectat;
_________ hastam et _______ et tunicam rubram amat et laudat.
Pīrāta quoque Iūliam et ______ et ______ laudat.
"Ō Iūlia," inquit, "pulchra es puella et
pulchrae sunt ______ tuae.
__________ mea pulchra est. Alta est ______ ___________
meae.
In extrēmā nāviculā ___ et nāviculam _________.
Alba est nāvicula mea; nunc prope ōram maritimam
______"
Tum Iūlia cum _______ ad ōram maritimam ambulat et
___________ albam _________.
Iūlia et pīrāta _______ nāviculae multīs ______ _______.
Subitō pīrāta puellam in ___________ _______.
Multae sunt lacrimae puellae, sed frūstrā – pīrāta in
extrēmā __________ stat et nāviculam __________.
casae; casam; galea; galeam; gubernat; gubernō; iactat; nāvicula;
nāviculā; nāviculae; nāviculam; nāviculam; ōrnant; pīrāta; pīrātā; pīrātae; pīrātam;
prōra; prōram; rosae; rosās; rosīs; spectat; stat; stō
A pirate comes
to Julia's cottage. The pirate's coat is red, the helmet and spear are
bright. Julia stands near the door of the cottage and looks at the
pirate; she loves and praises the pirate's spear and helmet
and red coat. The pirate also praises Julia and the cottage and the
roses. "Oh Julia," he says, "you are a beautiful girl and
your roses are beautiful. My boat is beautiful. The prow of
my boat is high. I stand at the edge of the boat and steer the
boat. My boat is white; now it stands near the seashore."
Then Julia walks with the pirate to the seashore and looks at the white boat. Julia and the pirate decorate the prow of the boat with many roses. Suddenly the pirate throws the girl into the boat. The girl’s tears are many [= girl is very tearful], but in vain – the pirate stands at the end of the boat and steers the boat.
There can be some inconsistency in precise meanings and, something on which I’ve based a lot of the work, I don’t think that, just because one person tells you one thing on one site, it is enough to consider it valid. Therefore, as much as possible I have cross-referenced some of the terms for modern ball games.
follis, -is [3/m]: inflated ball
pila,
-ae [1/f]: ball; ball game
Image #1: [1] harpastum, -ī [2/n]: handball i.e. the object
Apart from referring to the ball itself, harpastum was also the name of a ball game played in Ancient Rome: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpastum
Research,
although not conclusive, argues that harpastum was a game similar to
rugby and, in New Latin, this is the term used:
Harpastō lūdō │ I play (at) rugby; https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpastum and https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/football__rugby/
[2] pedilūdium, -ī [2/n] or pedifollium, -ī [2/n]: football (soccer) i.e. the game itself
Interestingly, Traupman in “Conversational Latin for Oral Proficiency” which is a good source of New Latin, seems to differentiate between these two by adding a comment (p47): pedilūdium (mōre Americānō). I may cause a civil war but I can’t see any reason to differentiate between the two: https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pediludium lists the word as soccer, not American football and both words are also listed at: https://neolatinlexicon.org/latin/football__soccer/
[i] pedilūdium Americānum which is a precise rendering of the idea
[ii]
harpastum Americānum which, again, relates to the original Roman game
where the ball was passed by hand; https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpastum
Whichever
words you go for, some posts have already been written on football:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlRFLDlrbdc
https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/permalink/418653530745921/
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/040424-talking-about-football-in-latin-2.html
Complete the Latin sentences with the appropriate active or passive imperfect verb.
amābāminī; amābant; amābāris; iactābantur; iactābātur; interrogābāmur; interrogābat; laudābāmur; laudābar; laudābat; parābat; parābātur; pūniēbant; pūniēbāris; trahēbant; trahēbātur; turbābātur; vēndēbantur; vēndēbat; vēndēbātur; vocābar; vocābat
____________________
Answers
Give the Latin meanings in the wordcloud
also
and
are
beautiful
because
but
is
much; plural: many
near
not
often
red
small
to(wards)
white
with
pugil,
-is [3/m]: boxer
pugilātiō,
pugilātiōnis [3/f]: boxing
lūctātor, lūctātōris [3/m]: wrestler
lūctātiō, lūctātiōnis [3/f]: wrestling
Note
here that Cicero uses athlētae to refer to wrestlers rather than, more
generally, athletes:
Faciunt idem, cum exercentur, āthlētae, pugilēs vērō, etiam cum feriunt adversārium, in iactandīs caestibus … (Cicero) │ The wrestlers, too, do the same when they are training themselves; and the boxers, when they aim a blow with the cestus* at their adversary …
*Image
#1: c(a)estus, -ūs [4/m]: boxing glove but actually referred to thongs or bands
of leather tied round the hands of boxers, which could be loaded with iron or
lead balls in order to make their blows more powerful:
Image
#2: The Boxer at Rest (100-50 BC)
