Tuesday, October 14, 2025

28.12.25: Comenius (1658) LV: cookery (2) Part 2: [3] – [5] text, notes and vocabulary

[3] He first pulleth off the Feathers and draweth the Gutts out of the Birds, 5. │ Prius dēplūmat, & exenterat Avēs, 5.

Note here, and in the remaining sections, the use of the prefix dē- meaning ‘away from’  something:

plūmō, -āre [1]: pluck < plūma, -ae [1/f]: feather

Compare: Engl. de-ice (deice) the car

Examples using as a preposition + ablative:

digitō ānulum dētrahō. │ I pull the ring from the finger.

Nōmen suum tabulā sustulit. │ He removed his name from the tablet.

Ferrum manibus extorsimus. │ We tore the sword from their hands.

exenterō, -āre (or, exinterō) [1]: (here) empty; gut i.e. take everything out from the inside

[4] He scaleth and splitteth Fish, 6. │ Dēsquāmat & exdorsuat Piscēs, 6.

squāmō, -āre [1]: scale (a fish) < squāma, -ae [1/f]: scale (of a fish)

exdors(u)ō, -āre [1]: take out the backbone (e.g. of a fish) < dorsum, -ī [2/n]: back

[5] He caseth [ = skins] Hares, 8. then he boileth them in Pots, 9. and Kettles, 10. on the Hearth, 11. and scummeth them [ = skims off the froth] with a Scummer, 12. │ Lepōrēs, 8. exuit, tum ēlixat Ollīs, 9. & Cācabīs, 10. in Focō, 11. & dēspūmat Lingulā, 12.

spūmō, -āre [1]: skim off (froth, scum i.e. impurities on the surface of liquid) < spūma, -ae [1/f]: foam; froth

exuō, -ere [3]: take out; take off (e.g. clothes); (here) pull off (the skin)

ēlixō, -āre [1] (Late Latin): boil thoroughly

aquam calefaciō: I heat / warm the water

aquam fervēfaciō: I boil the water

ferveō, -ēre [2]: boil (be boiling)

aqua fervēns: boiling water

Abī intrō ac iubē huic aquam calefiērī (Plautus) │ Off you go inside, and order the water to be made warm for her.

Posteā fervefacitō, īnfunditō in catīnum, utī frīgēscat (Cato) │ Then bring it to a boil, pour it into a dish, so that it cools; catīnus, -ī [2/m]: a deep vessel for serving up or cooking food

cācabus, -ī [2/m]: cooking pot; Hoole translates the word as “kettle” referring to any vessel used for boiling water or cooking food rather than our contemporary idea of a kettle

focus, -ī [2/m]: fireplace; hearth

lepus, leporis [3/m]: hare

li(n)gula, -ae [1/f]: spoon or ladle for skimming a pot; “The spoon which was called ligula, or lingula (dim. of lingua) from its shape (ed. i.e. tongue), was used for various purposes, especially to clean out small and narrow vessels, and to eat jellies and such things”

https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Ligula.html

ōlla, -ae [1/f]: pot; jar; in Ancient Rome, it could be used either for food storage (e.g. fruits) or for cooking





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