Rōma est urbs
pulcherrima │ Rome
is a very beautiful city
Equī rēgis sunt pulcherrimī
│ The king’s horses are very beautiful
[i] Superlative:
in English, longest, most beautiful; in Latin the superlative can
also be translated simply as very + the adjective
mōns altissimus:
[i] the highest mountain; [ii] a very high mountain
[ii] For almost
all adjectives -issimus [masculine], -issima [feminine], issimum
[neuter] to the stem:
long¦us, -a, -um:
long > longissimus, longissima, longissimum: [i] (the)
longest; [ii] very long
[iii] Adjectives
which end in -r add -rimus, -a, -um to the
masculine nominative singular form i.e. the /r/ is doubled:
pulcher,
pulchra, pulchrum: beautiful > pulcher¦rimus, pulcherrima,
pulcherrimum: [i] (the) most beautiful; [ii] very beautiful
miser, -a,
-um (wretched) > miserrimus, -a, -um
ācer, ācris,
ācre (bitter) > ācerrimus, -a, -um
celer, -is,
-e (fast) > celerrimus, -a, -um
[iv] 3rd
declension adjectives
As with the
comparative, 3rd declension adjectives which have a stem change –
indicated by the genitive singular – will use that stem to form the superlative
+ -issimus, -a, -um:
audāx: bold >
genitive singular: audāc¦is > stem: audāc- >
superlative: audācissimus, -a, -um: (the) boldest; very bold
recēns: recent >
genitive singular: recent¦is > stem: recent- > superlative:
recentissimus, -a, -um: most recent
[v] A small group
of adjectives form their superlative by adding -limus, -a, -um to
the stem i.e. the /l/ is doubled; the six adjectives listed below are the only
ones which form the superlative in this way.
facil¦is, -e: easy
> facillimus, -a, -um: easiest
difficilis, -e:
difficult > difficillimus, -a, -um: most difficult
similis, -e:
similar > simillimus, -a, -um: most similar
dissimilis, -e:
dissimilar; different > dissimillimus, -a, -um: most unlike
gracilis, -e:
slender > gracillimus, -a, -um: most slender
humilis, -e:
humble > humillimus, -a, -um: humblest
Note: even though
there are differences in the way in which the superlative ending is added to
the stem, look out for the distinctive -¦imus, -a, -um: longissimus;
pulcherrimus; audācissimus; facillimus
Link:
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/09/021224-level-2-degrees-of-comparison-14.html
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