Two nouns are used
in the text which belong to the last declension in Latin: the 5th
declension
Diēs in terrā nōn manet. │ The day (the
daytime; the daylight) is not staying on the land.
posterō diē
ad scholam ībō│ I shall go to the school on the following day.
Multōs diēs
ibi mīles manēbat. │ The soldier stayed there for many days.
Multās rēs de
Rōmānīs antīquīs et de Gallīs nārrābat. │ He was telling many things about
the Ancient Romans and the Gauls.
[i] There are far
fewer 5th declension nouns than in the other declensions.
[ii] The
nominative singular is always -ēs, but remember that other nouns with that same
ending e.g. mīles (soldier) and fēlēs (cat) belong to a different declension.
Therefore, as always, learn the 5th declension nouns with the
genitive singular which will distinguish them from other declensions.
diēs, diēī [5
m/f]: day
rēs, reī [5/f]:
matter; thing; event
[iii] All 5th
declension nouns take the same endings although there is a minor difference in
vowel length in the genitive and dative singular:
If the stem ends
in vowel, the genitive and dative singular are -ēī [long /ē/] e.g. faci¦ēs,
faci¦ēī i.e. -V¦ēī
If the stem ends
in a consonant, the genitive and dative singular are -eī [short /e/]
e.g. sp¦ēs, sp¦eī i.e. -C¦eī
[iv] Almost all 5th
declension nouns are feminine; diēs is most often masculine but can be
feminine in certain usages. Below are some common 5th declension
nouns
aciēs, -ēī [5/f]:
battle-line
effigiēs, -ēī
[5/f]: likeness; statue > Engl. deriv. effigy
faciēs, -ēī [5/f]:
face
ēsuriēs, -ēī
[5/f]: hunger
fidēs, -eī [5/f]:
faith; loyalty
glaciēs, -ēī
[5/f]: ice
merīdiēs, -ēī [5/m]:
midday
perniciēs, -ēī
[5/f]: ruin; destruction
rabiēs, -ēī [5/f]:
rage; madness > Engl. deriv. rabies
speciēs, -ēī
[5/f]: look; appearance; kind > Engl. deriv. species
spēs, -eī [5/f]:
hope
Links to all posts
on the 5th declension
https://mega.nz/file/vMECUCYD#dC55FRXnm99i4-yzgY5Y5bAnjKb8EClf-_kujBI6olM
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