images #1 and #2: the
future active infinitive is formed from the future active participle
with ‘esse’ to express in an indirect statement what somebody is going to
do; the future active participle will agree with the accusative subject of the
indirect statement.
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/06/250925-level-3-grammar-of-things-to.html
laudō, -āre, -āvī,
laudātus [perfect passive participle: having been praised]
> laudātūrus,
-a, -um [future active participle: about to / going to praise]
> laudātūrus,
-a, -um esse [future active infinitive to be about to / going to praise]
portō, portāre,
portāvī, portātus > portātūrus, -a, -um > ¦ portātūrus,
-a, -um esse │ to be going to / about to carry
videō, vidēre,
vīdī, vīsus > vīsūrus, -a, -um > ¦ vīsūrus, -a, -um esse
│ to be going to see
pōnō, pōnere,
posuī, positus > positūrus, -a, -um > ¦ positūrus,
-a, -um esse │ to be going to put
audiō, audīre,
audīvī, audītus > audītūrus, -a, -um > ¦ audītūrus,
-a, -um esse │ to be going to listen
The future active
infinitive agrees with the accusative case subject in gender and number.
Dīcit ¦ rēgem
mīlitēs laudātūrum esse. │ He says that the king is going to praise
the soldiers.
Dīcit ¦ rēginam
mīlitēs laudātūram esse. │ He says that the queen is going to praise
the soldiers.
Dīcit ¦ mīlitēs
ducem laudātūrōs esse. │ He says that the soldiers are going to
praise the commander.
Dīcit ¦ deās
rēgīnam laudātūrās esse. │ He says that the goddesses are going to
praise the queen.
[2] Remember the
distinction in Latin when expressing he / she / they in
indirect statements
[a] If the subject
of the indirect statement is the same as the person who introduces it, then sē
is used:
Rēx [masculine singular] dīcit ¦ sē
mīlitēs laudātūrum [masculine accusative singular] esse. │ The king
says that he [referring to himself] is going to praise the soldiers.
Rēgīna [feminine singular] dīcit ¦ sē
mīlitēs laudātūram [feminine accusative singular] esse. │ The queen
says that she [referring to herself] is going to praise the soldiers.
Mīlitēs [masculine plural] dīcunt ¦ sē
ducem laudātūrōs [masculine accusative plural] esse. │ The soldiers
say that they [referring to themselves] are going to praise the
commander.
Deae dīcunt ¦ sē rēgīnam laudātūrās
[feminine accusative plural] esse. │ The goddesses say that they
[referring to themselves] are going to praise the queen.
[b] If the subject
of the indirect sentence and the person who introduces it are not the
same, then eum, eam, eōs, eās are used:
Rēgīna dīcit ¦ eum
mīlitēs laudātūrum esse. │ The queen says that he is going to
praise the soldiers.
Rēgina dīcit ¦ eam
[e.g. deam] mīlitēs laudātūram esse. │ The queen says that she
[referring to somebody else e.g. the goddess] is going to praise the
soldiers.
Rēgina dīcit ¦ eōs
[e.g. cīvēs] mīlitēs laudātūrōs esse. │ The queen says that they
[e.g. the citizens] are going to praise the soldiers.
Rēgina dīcit ¦ eās
[e.g. deās] mīlitēs laudātūrās esse. │ The queen says that they
[e.g. the goddesses] are going to praise the soldiers.
i.e. the gender /
number of the person who makes the statement is not involved, but the gender
and number in the accusative of the subject of the indirect statement
[3] Where a verb
has no perfect passive participle, it most often can be replaced by the supine,
but the formation of the future active participle remains the same:
adveniō, advenīre,
advēnī, supine adventum
> future active
participle: adventūrus, -a, -um (about to arrive)
Dīcunt ¦ Plinium adventūrum esse
│ They say that Pliny is about to / is
going to / will arrive.
Dīxērunt ¦ Plinium
adventūrum esse │ They said that Pliny was
about to / was going to / would arrive.
[4]
[a] the future
active infinitive of the verb esse itself is futūrus, -a, -um esse:
Longum hunc (morbum)
futurum esse manifestum est (Celsus) │ It becomes evident that
this (disease) is going to be / will be long (prolonged)
Lāvīnia locūta est
sē uxōrem Aenēae futūram esse. │ Lavinia said that she would
be the wife of Aeneas.
Tribūnī sē in
auctōritāte patrum futūrōs esse pollicitī sunt (Livy) │ The
tribunes promised that they would be under the authority of the
Fathers.
Ita Dāvum modo
timēre sēnsī, ubi nūptiās futūrās esse audīvit (Terence) │ I felt
that Davus was so afraid just now when he heard that there was going to be
a marriage.
So alarmed did I
perceive Davus to be just now, when he heard that there was going to be a
marriage.
… sē in tempore adfutūrum
esse (Livy) │ (Hannibal said that) he would be there at the right
moment.
[b] There is an
alternative future active participle of sum: fore
vīdit in magnō sē fore perīculō (Nepos) │ He saw that he was
going to be in great danger.
magnō sibī ūsuī fore arbitrābātur (Caesar) │ He thought
that it would be very useful to him.
comitia fore nōn
arbitror (Cicero) │ I do not think there will be an election.
in litterīs
scrībit sē cum legiōnibus profectum celeriter adfore (Caesar) │ In the
letter he wrote that he had set out with the legions and would soon be
there
From Calgacus’
speech in Agricola by Tacitus:
Magnus mihi animus
est ¦ hodiernum diem cōnsēnsumque vestrum initium
lībertātis tōtī Britanniae fore
I have a sure
confidence ¦ that this day, and this union of yours, will be
the beginning of freedom to the whole of Britain.
Note: fore
occurs in another construction which is related to this topic but will be
discussed later in conjunction with the subjunctive.
[5] Note, once
again, that, while English changes the tense of the indirect statement
depending on the tense of the introductory statement e.g. they say that
they will / are going to … / they said that he would
/ was going to …, Latin does not change the infinitive form.
Pater dīcit
fīliōs crās locūtūrōs esse. │ The father says that
the sons will speak tomorrow.
Graecī dīxērunt
sē excessūrōs esse. │ The Greeks said that they
would leave.
Didō nūntiat sē moritūram esse.
│ Dido announces that she is going to die.
Didō [feminine singular] nūntiāvit sē moritūram esse. │ Dido announced that she was going to / would die.
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