01.02.26: Comenius CVI; the Celestial Sphere [4]; text and vocabulary [3]

[4] The Heaven is full of stars every where. │ Cælum est stēllātum undique.

stēllātus, -a, -um < stēlla + -ātus: starry; star-filled

[5] There are reckoned above a thousand fixed stars; but of constellations towards the North: XXI, towards the South: XVI │ Stēllārum fīxārum numerantur plūs mīlle; sīderum vērō Septentriōnārium: XXI, Merīdiōnālium: XVI.

stēlla, -ae [1/f]: star

stēllae fīxae: fixed (immovable) stars; they are also referred to as:

stēllae inerrantēs: stars that are not wandering

sidus, sideris [3/n]: star; constellation

There are numerous words that refer to the compass points, winds and Gods that personified the winds:

[i]

(1) septentriō, -iōnis [3/m]: north

septentriōnēs (pl.): the North; northern regions

septentriōnālis, -e;  (rare) septentriōnārius, -a, -um: northern

(2) aquilō, -ōnis [3/m]: north

aquilōnius, -a, -um: northern

(3) boreās, -ae [1/m]: north

boreālis, -e: northern; Aurōra Boreālis: the Northern Lights

[ii] 

(1) merīdiēs, -ēī [5/m]: mid-day; south

merīdiōnālis, -e;  meridiānus, -a, -um: southern

(2) auster, austrī [2/m]: south

austrālis, -e; austrīnus, -a, -um: southern

[iii]

oriēns, orientis [3/m]: east

orientālis, -e: eastern

[iv]

occidēns, occidentis [3/m]: west

occidentālis, -e: western

Both oriēns and occidēns can also be participles:

sōl oriēns: the rising sun

sōl occidēns: the setting sun

mēnsamque extrā vēlum et contrā mēnsam candēlābrum in latere tabernāculī merīdiānō mēnsa enim stābit in parte aquilōnis (Vulgate) │ You shall place the table outside the veil, and opposite the table the lampstand on the south side of the tabernacle; for the table shall stand on the north side.

ā septentriōne et occidente sicciōrēs quam ā merīdiē et oriente (Pliny the Elder)│ from the North and West they [winds] are drier than from the South and East

Further information on compass points:

20.06.25: topic; ships [7]; Comenius; XCI; a Ship-wreck (2)

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/03/200625-topic-ships-7-comenius-xci-ship.html

Image: you need to turn the 7^th century map 90 degrees to the right so that north is at the top!

The second image turns it round to what we’d expect.