Hodiē omnēs Americānī laetī sunt quod in Ītaliā sunt. Hīc mīles, amīcus patris, et poēta, amīcus magistrae, habitant. Hī duo virī Rōmae tēcta habent et paucōs diēs Americānī Rōmae manent. Tēctum mīlitis est magnum et ex māteriā factum. Tēctum multās rēs pulchrās habet.
Pater mīlitis
multōs servōs habet. Pater nōn est dominus dūrus. Omnēs servī, igitur, eum
laudant. Nūllus servus perfidus inter servōs est. Cum dominus imperat, omnēs
statim pārent.
Antīquīs
temporibus Rōmānī multōs servōs habēbant. Ita mīles nārrat. Multās rēs
faciēbant. Labor eōrum nōn erat semper facilis. Lignum portābant; agrōs
cūrābant; cēnās parābant; paucī servī erant magistrī puerōrum puellārumque.
Aliī erant servī quī in bellō captī sunt. Sī servī erant perfidī, interdum diū
in vinculīs tenēbantur. Servīs perfidiīs vincula nōn erant grāta. Paucī
necābantur. Tum cēterī servī maestī et timidī erant. Facile nōn erat servum
bonum esse, sī dominus malus dūrusque erat.
Interdum ā tēctō
dominī servī mittēbantur. Saepe sē in fugam dabant. Tum sine auxiliō per tōtam
terram errābant. Interdum cum bēstiīs ferīs pugnāre iubēbantur. Interdum servī
ā ducibus incitābantur et posteā bellum erat. Animus servī bonī prō dominō suō pugnāre
semper parātus erat. Sī dominus et servus in perīculō erant, servus nōn sē, sed
dominum servābat. Multī servī vītam dūram agēbant ubi dominī erant saevī.
"Servōs in
Americā nōn habēmus," inquit Maria.
"Ōlim servōs
habēbātis," respondet mīles. "Servī vestrī erant Āfricānī et dominī
saepe erant saevī."
"Ita, sed
ūnus vir, dux magnus, repertus est. Is servīs nōn erat inimīcus,"
respondet Maria. "Bellum magnum, tamen, inter populōs terrae nostrae erat.
Hodiē omnēs sunt amīcī. Incolae inter sē animō bonō sunt. Hoc bellum memoriā
tenēre nōn cupiō."
Nocte Maria omnēs
rēs quās hodiē vīdit et audīvit in epistulā scrīpsit. Eam ad magistram mīsit.
Schoolbook texts
are deliberately constructed to focus on certain features of a language. In
this case, it is giving practice in different tenses of the verb (including
passive forms) since, in authentic Roman literature, that is precisely what
will happen.
Find the Latin:
[1] Present
tense
[i] (they) live
here
[ii] These two men
have houses in Rome
[iii] The
Americans are staying in Rome for a few days
[iv] The house has
many beautiful things
[v] All the slaves
praise him
[vi] When the
master commands …
[vii] … everybody
(pl. in Latin) immediately obeys
[viii] The soldier
recounts (the story) in this way
[ix] We don’t
have slaves
[x] Maria replies
[xi] I do not
wish to remember this war [literally: …. to keep this war in memory]
[2] Perfect
tense: actions that happened once
Maria …
[i] saw
[ii] heard
[iii] wrote
[iv] sent
[3] Imperfect
tense: note the translation of ‘used to’ or ‘would’ to emphasise actions
that happened repeatedly, continued for a length of time or generally existed
in the past.
[i] The Romans had
/ used to have many slaves
[ii] They did / used
to do / would do many things
[iii] Their work
wasn’t always easy / didn’t always used to be / wouldn’t always be easy
[iv] They used
to / would …
… carry wood
… take care of the
fields
… prepare dinners
[v] They would often
take to flight [literally: give themselves into flight]
[vi] They would
wander through the whole land
[vii] The slaves
didn’t use to / would not save himself
[viii] Many slaves
led / used to lead / would lead a hard life
[ix] “You used
to have slaves at one time”
[x] The masters
were often cruel
[4] Passive
forms
(1) imperfect
passive (to be discussed in the next post)
[i] They used
to be held / would be held in chains
[ii] a few used
to be killed
[iii] slaves used
to be sent
[iv] they would
be ordered to fight
[v] the slaves would
be encouraged / urged on by the commanders
(2) perfect
passive
[i] one man was
found
[ii] slaves who were
captured in war
____________________
[1]
Present tense
[i]
(they) live here │
hīc … habitant
[ii]
These two men have houses in Rome │
Hī duo virī Rōmae tēcta habent
[iii]
The Americans are staying in Rome for a few days │ paucōs diēs Americānī Rōmae manent
[iv]
The house has many beautiful things │ Tēctum multās rēs pulchrās habet
[v]
All the slaves praise him │
Omnēs servī … eum laudant
[vi]
When the master commands … │
Cum dominus imperat …
[vii]
… everybody (pl. in Latin) immediately obeys │ … omnēs statim pārent
[viii]
The soldier recounts (the story) in this way │ Ita mīles nārrat
[ix]
We don’t have slaves │
servōs nōn habēmus
[x]
Maria replies │
respondet Maria
[xi]
I do not wish to remember this war [literally: …. to keep this war in
memory] │ Hoc bellum memoriā tenēre nōn
cupiō.
[2]
Perfect tense
Maria
…
[i] saw
│ vīdit
[ii]
heard│audīvit
[iii]
wrote│scrīpsit
[iv]
sent│ mīsit
[3]
Imperfect tense
[i]
The Romans had / used to have many slaves │ Rōmānī multōs servōs habēbant
[ii]
They did / used to do / would do many things │ Multās rēs faciēbant
[iii]
Their work wasn’t always easy / didn’t always used to be / wouldn’t
always be easy │ Labor eōrum nōn erat semper
facilis
[iv]
They used to / would …
…
carry wood │ lignum portābant
…
take care of the fields │
agrōs cūrābant
…
prepare dinners │ cēnās parābant
[v]
They would often take to flight [literally: give themselves into flight]
│ Saepe sē in fugam dabant
[vi]
They would wander through the whole land │ per tōtam terram errābant
[vii]
The slaves didn’t use to / would not save himself │ servus nōn sē … servābat.
[viii]
Many slaves led / used to lead / would lead a hard life │ Multī servī vītam dūram agēbant
[ix]
“You used to have slaves at one time” │ “Ōlim servōs habēbātis”
[x]
The masters were often cruel │
dominī saepe erant saevī
[4]
passive forms
(1) imperfect
passive
[i] They
used to be held / would be held in chains │ in vinculīs tenēbantur
[ii]
a few used to be killed │
Paucī necābantur
[iii]
slaves used to be sent │servī
mittēbantur
[iv]
they would be ordered to fight │ pugnāre iubēbantur
[v] the
slaves would be encouraged / urged on by the commanders │ servī ā ducibus incitābantur
(2) perfect
passive
[i] one
man was found │
ūnus vir … repertus est
[ii] slaves who were captured in war │ servī quī in bellō captī sunt
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