Monday, June 30, 2025

02.10.25: Level 1; Carolus et Maria: Review Units [1] – [5]; [i] nouns, cases and declensions

The first five units of Carolus and Maria focus on several important points. They have all been discussed in depth in earlier posts and so there is only a brief summary with links to some of the main posts.

Cases: only the uses which appear in the first five units are referred to here. In the links, there is far more information.

[1] Nominative Case

[i] the subject of the sentence i.e. the person / thing performing the action

Labōratne pater tuus in Americā? │ Does your father work in America?

Discipulī in scholā labōrant. │ The pupils are working in school.

[ii] predicate nominative, most commonly found after the verb esse (to be)

Cassius est amīcus meus. │ Cassius is my friend.

[2] Vocative Case

Used when talking directly a person

Quis, Carole, est amīcus tuus? │ Who is your friend, Carolus?

Quis, Cassī, est pater tuus? │ Who is your father, Cassius?

Links for [1] and [2]

19.02.24: Addressing people directly

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/addressing-people-directly-look-at.html

23.02.24: Declensions and cases [1] (nominative; vocative)

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/declensions-and-cases-1-nominative.html

26.02.24: nominative plural of first and second declension nouns [1]; hī / hae

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/nominative-plural-of-first-and-second.html

26.02.24: nominative plural of first and second declension nouns [2]; quot?

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/26.html

[3] Genitive Case

[i] Indicates the ‘possessor’ i.e. the equivalent of English ‘s (John’s book)

Estne vīta nautae perīculōsa? │ Is a sailor’s life [ = the life of a sailor] dangerous?

[ii] in various constructions often expresses English ‘of’

incola Hispāniae est Hispānus │ an inhabitant of Spain is a Spaniard

Links:

01.03.24: genitive case singular and plural of 1st declension nouns

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/10324-genitive-case-singular-and-plural.html

[4] Accusative Case

the direct object of the sentence i.e. the person / thing experiencing the action

Aquam portō. │ I carry water.

Amīcum meum nōn saepe videō. │ I don’t often see my friend.

Epistulās scrībō. │ I write letters.

Multōs virōs … videt. │ He sees many men.

Links:

28.02.24: the accusative case (singular and plural) of first declension nouns

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/28_7.html

29.02.24: accusative case singular of first declension nouns

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/29.html

29.02.24: accusative case plural of first declension nouns

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/29_7.html

29.02.24: accusative singular and plural of second declension nouns in -us

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/29_63.html

[5] Ablative Case

Many uses, one of which is with certain prepositions:

Discipulī in scholā labōrant. │ The pupils are working in the school.

Fīlius in agrō labōrāre cupit. │ The son wants to work in the field.

In casīs sunt. │ They are in the cottages.

24.02.24: saying where you live / you were born; saying where you are; cases [2] ablative singular with the preposition in; Roman provinces

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/24.html

24.02.24: saying where you're from; ē / ex with the ablative case

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/24_4.html

24.02.24: cases [3] second declension nouns in the ablative case

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/24_46.html

[6] Declensions

First declension:

agricola

magistra

nauta

schola

Second declension:

amīcus

discipulus

fīlius

puer

ager

vir

Links:

23.02.24: declensions [1] first and second declension

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/declensions-1-first-and-second.html

14.04.25: Level 1; readings [6] - [11]: review (2); 1st declension nouns [i]

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/02/140425-level-1-readings-6-11-review-2.html

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Latin_for_beginners_(1911)/Part_II/Lesson_VII

17.04.25: Level 1; readings [6] - [11]: review (4); 2nd declension nouns [i]; vocative case

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/02/170425-level-1-readings-6-11-review-4.html

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Latin_for_beginners_(1911)/Part_II/Lesson_IX

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