The first five units of Carolus and Maria focus on several important points. They have all been discussed in depth in earlier posts and so there is only a brief summary with links to some of the main posts.
Cases: only the
uses which appear in the first five units are referred to here. In the links,
there is far more information.
[1] Nominative
Case
[i] the subject
of the sentence i.e. the person / thing performing the action
Labōratne pater
tuus in Americā? │ Does your father work in America?
Discipulī in scholā labōrant. │
The pupils are working in school.
[ii] predicate
nominative, most commonly found after the verb esse (to be)
Cassius est amīcus
meus. │ Cassius is my friend.
[2] Vocative
Case
Used when talking
directly a person
Quis, Carole,
est amīcus tuus? │ Who is your friend, Carolus?
Quis, Cassī,
est pater tuus? │ Who is your father, Cassius?
Links for [1] and
[2]
19.02.24:
Addressing people directly
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/addressing-people-directly-look-at.html
23.02.24:
Declensions and cases [1] (nominative; vocative)
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/declensions-and-cases-1-nominative.html
26.02.24:
nominative plural of first and second declension nouns [1]; hī / hae
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/nominative-plural-of-first-and-second.html
26.02.24:
nominative plural of first and second declension nouns [2]; quot?
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/26.html
[3] Genitive
Case
[i] Indicates the
‘possessor’ i.e. the equivalent of English ‘s (John’s book)
Estne vīta nautae
perīculōsa? │ Is a sailor’s life [ = the life of
a sailor] dangerous?
[ii] in various
constructions often expresses English ‘of’
incola Hispāniae
est Hispānus │ an inhabitant of Spain is a
Spaniard
Links:
01.03.24: genitive
case singular and plural of 1st declension nouns
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/10324-genitive-case-singular-and-plural.html
[4] Accusative
Case
the direct
object of the sentence i.e. the person / thing experiencing the action
Aquam portō.
│ I carry water.
Amīcum meum
nōn saepe videō. │ I don’t often see my friend.
Epistulās
scrībō. │ I write letters.
Multōs virōs …
videt. │ He sees many men.
Links:
28.02.24: the
accusative case (singular and plural) of first declension nouns
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/28_7.html
29.02.24:
accusative case singular of first declension nouns
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/29.html
29.02.24:
accusative case plural of first declension nouns
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/29_7.html
29.02.24:
accusative singular and plural of second declension nouns in -us
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/29_63.html
[5] Ablative
Case
Many uses, one of
which is with certain prepositions:
Discipulī in scholā
labōrant. │ The pupils are working in the school.
Fīlius in
agrō labōrāre cupit. │ The son wants to work in the field.
In casīs sunt. │
They are in the cottages.
24.02.24: saying
where you live / you were born; saying where you are; cases [2] ablative
singular with the preposition in; Roman provinces
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/24.html
24.02.24: saying
where you're from; ē / ex with the ablative case
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/24_4.html
24.02.24: cases
[3] second declension nouns in the ablative case
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/24_46.html
[6] Declensions
First declension:
agricola
magistra
nauta
schola
Second declension:
amīcus
discipulus
fīlius
puer
ager
vir
Links:
23.02.24:
declensions [1] first and second declension
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/04/declensions-1-first-and-second.html
14.04.25: Level 1;
readings [6] - [11]: review (2); 1st declension nouns [i]
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/02/140425-level-1-readings-6-11-review-2.html
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Latin_for_beginners_(1911)/Part_II/Lesson_VII
17.04.25: Level 1;
readings [6] - [11]: review (4); 2nd declension nouns [i]; vocative case
https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/02/170425-level-1-readings-6-11-review-4.html
https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Latin_for_beginners_(1911)/Part_II/Lesson_IX
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