Thursday, October 9, 2025

24.12.25: Level 1; Carolus et Maria [21][i] text, vocabulary, notes

Carolus et Maria XXI

[1] Ubi est avunculus? Is abest. Domī in Britanniā manet. Itaque sine amīcīs quattuor Americānī per Germāniam eunt. Ibī nūllī amīcī eōs salūtant, sed omnēs Germāniam probant quod populus est benignus et Americānīs nōn est inimīcus. Quamquam agrī et silvae sunt grāta, et Americānī rūs laudant, oppida, quoque, sunt pulchra. Per terram Germānōrum flūmen Rhēnus fluit. Sī Carolus undique circumspectat multōs agrōs prope flūmen videt. Ruīnās aedificiī antīquī videt. Carolus fābulās dē Germāniā legit.

[2] Ōlim Germānī erant barbarī quī cum Rōmānīs pugnābant. Trāns flūmen Gallī quī erant Germānīs inimīcī habitābant. Illī barbarī agrōs Galliae saepe oppugnābant occupābantque et oppida eōrum dēlēre cupiēbant, nam hostēs erant. Interdum Gallī ā Rōmānīs auxilium postulābant, nam sōlī cum barbarīs sine satis magnīs cōpiīs pugnāre nōn audēbant. Posteā Caesar barbarōs superāvit et multōs in vincula iēcit. Gallī Caesarem iuvērunt. Ubi Carolus hās rēs dē Caesare et barbarīs legit eum omnēs rēs dē bellō scīre putat.

[3] In viā oppidī in quō Carolus nunc manet vir caecus saepe stat. Ōlim erat mīles Germānus. Nunc nōn est armātus. Celeriter nōn ambulat. Tardus et caecus est. Sine amīcīs et pecūniā vīta eius nōn est semper grāta. Quamquam pecūniam nōn postulat, Carolus, tamen, eī pecūniam dat.

[4] “Cūr es caecus?” rogat puer.

“Nocte ubi mīlitēs dormiēbant, castra nostra ab hostibus expugnābantur,” respondet vir. “Paene dēlēta sunt. Sine auxiliō prope ruīnās aedificī manēbāmus. Sociī perīculum nostrum esse magnum nōn sciēbant. Diū auxilium sociōrum exspectābāmus.”

“Quis tē servāvit?” rogat Carolus.

“Socius meus quī aderat mē servāvit,” inquit vir, “et mē ab hostibus mōvit. Nōs nōn vidēbāmur quod erat nox. Quamquam oculī meī vulnerātī erant, tamen socius meus mē iuvābat et ab hostibus nōn captī sumus.”

Mīles caecus socium suum semper laudat.

Vocabulary

barbarus, -ī [2/m]: foreigner; savage; uncivilised man; also (adjective) barbarus, -a, -um: foreign, strange, uncivilised, barbaric

vinculum, -ī [2/n]: chain

rūs, rūris [3/n]: countryside

celer, -is, -e: quick; celeriter: quickly

inimīcus, -a, -um: unfriendly; hostile

  • populus … Americānīs [dative plural] nōn est inimīcus │ the people … are not hostile towards the Americans

suus, -a, -um: his / her / its / their (own) i.e. suus refers back to the subject of the sentence:

  • Mīles caecus socium suum semper laudat. The blind soldier always praises his (own) comrade.

expugnō, -āre, -āvī [1]: take by storm; capture

servō, -āre, -āvī [1]: save

dēleō, -ēre, -ēvī; perfect passive participle: dēletus, -a, um (having been) destroyed

  • castra nostra ab hostibus expugnābantur … Paene dēlēta sunt. │ Our camp … was taken by storm / captured by the enemy … it was almost destroyed
  • castra, -ōrum [2/n/pl]: camp; a plural noun in Latin although, in English, it translates as a singular

moveō, -ēre, mōvī [2]: move

dormiō, -īre, dorm / dormīvī [4]: sleep

sciō, -īre, sc / scīvī [4]: know

nam: for; because

Notes

[1] Sociī ¦ perīculum nostrum esse magnum nōn sciēbant. │ Literally: The allies did not know ¦ our danger to be great i.e. …did not know that our danger was great; the English construction with ‘that’ is not used in Classical Latin:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/05/310825-level-1-readings-18-damocles.html

[2] Ubi Carolus hās rēs dē Caesare … legit eum omnēs rēs dē bellō scīre putat. │ When Carolus reads these things about Caesar … he thinks that he knows everything about war.

Who is Carolus talking about? Is he talking about Caesar or about himself? In English, this is not clear. In Latin, however, there is a distinction made: eum refers to somebody else whereas refers to oneself.

(1) eum omnēs rēs dē bellō (2) scīre putat │ Literally: he thinks (1) him (2) to know everything about war = He (Carolus) thinks that he (somebody else i.e. Caesar) knows everything about war

Compare:

(1) omnēs rēs dē bellō scīre putat │ Literally: he thinks (1) himself (2) to know everything about war = He (Carolus) thinks that he (himself) knows everything about war

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