Saturday, May 4, 2024

15.04.24: weather; vocabulary [1]

caelum, -ī [2/n] (also: coelum):

[i] sky; heaven

[ii] climate; weather; atmosphere

You need to look at context to determine exactly what the writer is referring to.

[i]

Pater noster, quī es in caelīs ¦ our father, who art in heaven [literally: you who are in the heavens]

in hōc caelō, quī dīcitur āēr (Lucretius) ¦ in that [part of the] sky which is called air

āēr, āeris [3 m/f]: air

[ii]

caelum hoc, in quō nūbēs imbrēs ventīque cōguntur (Cicero) ¦ this atmosphere, where clouds, and rain, and winds are formed

imber, imbris [3/m]: rain

nūbēs, nūbis [3/f]: cloud

ventus, -ī [2/m]: wind

Pingue et concrētum … caelum (Cicero) ¦ a thick and heavy … atmosphere

  • caelum serēnum: calm weather
  • caelum siccum: dry weather; a sky without rain
  • caelum imbridum (Mediaeval): rainy sky; rainy weather

We can use this word as one way of asking the question:

Quāle caelum est? What’s the weather like?

False friends …

tempus, temporis [3/n]:

In, for example, French and Spanish, ‘weather’ is ‘temps’ and ‘tiempo’ respectively: Quel temps fait-il?; ¿Cómo está el tiempo? The French and Spanish words are obviously derived from Latin tempus, temporis [3/n], but the Classical Latin word tempus means ‘time’, not ‘weather’; only in Mediaeval Latin did the word acquire that meaning.

Derivatives:

ventus, -ī [2/m]: wind > ME: ventilate

If somebody gives you a nebulous answer, how clear is it?

What does a pluviometer measure?




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