14.05.26; Level 3+; Subjunctive [37] dependent uses; tense sequences [ii] practice

These two exercises are deliberately intended for you to focus on subtlety. The sequence of tenses discussed in the previous post do not only apply to clauses of purpose. However, here we will only use this clause type.

[1] Translate the following sentences:

[i] Domum iter fac ut captīvōs dēfendās.

[ii] Domum iter faciēbat ut captīvōs dēfenderet.

[iii] Mox domum iter fēcerit ut captīvōs dēfendat.

[iv] Postērō diē domum iter fēcerat ut captīvōs dēfenderet.

[v] Rōmam adīmus ut aurum celātum inveniāmus.

[vi] 2 subjunctives in the same sentence (hortatory and purpose)

Rōmam (1) adeāmus (2) ut aurum celātum inveniāmus.

[vii] Ad scholam currō ut discipulum cōnfīrmem.

[viii] Ad scholam cucurrī ut discipulum cōnfirmerem.

[ix] Ad Galliam fugite ut hostēs saevōs ēvādere possītis.

[x] Ad Galliam fugērunt ut hostēs saevōs ēvādere possent.

[xi] Pompeiās redībāmus ut vīllam emerēmus.

[xii] Pompeiās redīte ut vīllam emātis.

[xiii] Dominus servum in vincula iēcit nē fugeret.

[xiv] Dominus servum in vincula iaciet nē fugiat.

[xv] Cīvēs saxa iēcerant nē hostēs urbem caperent.

Again, a sentence with (1) a hortatory subjunctive, and (2) subjunctive of purpose

[xvi] Saxa (1) iaciāmus (2) nē hostēs urbem capiant.

[2]

Match the Latin sentences with the English translations listed below.

[i] Puer ad macellum mittitur ut pānem emat.

[ii] Puer ad macellum saepe mittēbātur ut pānem emeret.

Careful with the next two: remember that the Latin perfect can translate in two different ways in English.

[iii] Puer ad macellum missus est ut pānem emeret.

[iv] Puer ad macellum missus est ut pānem emat.

[v] Puer ad macellum missus erat ut pānem emeret.

[vi] Puer ad macellum missus erit ut pānem emat.

[vii] Mitte puerum ad macellum ut pānem emat.

Send the boy to the market so that he may buy bread.

The boy had been sent to the market to buy bread.

The boy has been sent to the market to buy bread.

The boy is being sent to the market to buy bread / … so that (in order that) he may buy bread

The boy was often sent to the market to buy bread. / …so  that (in order that) he would / buy bread

The boy was sent to the market to buy bread.

The boy will have been sent to the market to buy bread.

____________________

[1]

[i] Make a journey home so that you may defend the prisoners.

[ii] He was making a journey home in order that he might defend / (in order) to defend the captives.

[iii] Soon he will have made a journey home in order that he may defend / (in order) to defend the captives.

[iv] The next day he had made the journey home in order that he might defend the captives.

[v] We go to Rome in order that we may find the hidden gold.

[vi] (1) Let’s go (Latin: hortatory subjunctive) to Rome ¦ (2) in order that we may find / (in order) to find the hidden gold.

[vii] I’m running to the school in order that I may support / (in order) to support the student.

[viii] I ran to the school in order that I might support / (in order) to support the student.

[ix] Flee to Gaul in order that you may be able to escape the savage enemies.

[x] They fled to Gaul in order that they might be able to escape the savage enemies.

[xi] We were returning to Pompeii in order that we might buy a villa.

[xii] Return to Pompeii so that you may buy the villa.

[xiii] The master put the slave into chains so that he would not flee.

[xiv] The master will throw the slave into chains so that he may not escape.

[xv] The citizens had thrown stones so that the enemies would not capture the city.

[xvi] (1) Let’s throw (Latin: hortatory subjunctive) stones ¦ (2) so that the enemies do not capture the city.

[2]

[i] The boy is being sent to the market to buy bread / … so that (in order that) he may buy bread

[ii] The boy was often sent to the market to buy bread. / …so  that (in order that) he would buy bread

[iii] The boy was sent to the market to buy bread.

[iv] The boy has been sent to the market to buy bread.

[v] The boy had been sent to the market to buy bread.

[vi] The boy will have been sent to the market to buy bread.

[vii] Send the boy to the market so that he may buy bread.