Tuesday, February 10, 2026

10.06.26: Level 3 (review); a Second Latin Reader (Vincent) [12]: the preparations made by Caesar

Language focus: accusative and infinitive

Propter eās causās ea mūnītiō quae facta erat ā T. Labiēnō tenēbātur; Caesar in Italiam magnīs itineribus profectus duās legiōnēs ibi conscrībit et trēs ex hibernīs dūcit et in ulteriōrem Galliam* cum hīs quīnque legiōnibus īre contendit. Helvētiī iam per fīnēs Sēquanōrum suās cōpiās trādūxerant atque in fīnēs Aeduōrum pervēnerant. Aeduī sē cīvitātem dēfendere nōn posse arbitrātī lēgātōs ad Caesarem mittunt.

*Divisions of Gaul

Gallia Ulterior: Farther Gaul i.e. Gaul beyond the Alps; roughly modern France, Belgium, western Switzerland

Gallia Citerior: Nearer Gaul; Cisalpine Gaul i.e. northern Italy, south of the Alps; already Roman territory by Caesar’s time

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For these reasons, the fortification which had been constructed was being held by Titus Labienus; Caesar, having set out for Italy by rapid marches [ = with great speed], levies two legions there and leads three from winter quarters, and presses on into farther Gaul with these five legions. The Helvetii had already led their forces through the territories of the Sequani and had reached the lands of the Aedui. The Aedui, having judged that they were not able to defend the state, send envoys to Caesar.

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Aeduī (1) cīvitātem dēfendere (2) nōn posse ¦ arbitrātī

The Aedui, having judged ¦ [that] (1) they (2) were not able to defend the state

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LINKS

All posts: https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/indirect%20statement

Present active infinitive:

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/10/311225-level-3-indirect-statement.html

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