Monday, February 9, 2026

09.06.26: Level 2 (review); Carolus et Maria [28] [iv] grammar

Prīmā lūce Carolus excitātus est. Clāmōrēs nautārum quī multās rēs parābant Carolum excitābant. Puer nōn iam dormīre poterat. Ē fenestrā spectābat. Ibi portum magnum Americae vidēbat. Laetitiam novam sentiēbat quod iterum gentem suam vidēbat. Aedificia urbis nōn iam cēlābantur et Carolō splendida nunc vidēbantur. Etiam figūrae hominum in terrā vidēbantur. Puer nautās spectāre cōnstituit. Itaque sine morā mātrem patremque relīquit et ad locum in quō nautae labōrābant properāvit. Ubīque multa portābantur. Ūnus ex nautīs, quī aliīs imperābat et īnsignī splendidō ducis ōrnābātur, Carolum nōvit quod pater puerī erat nōtus eī. Ubi nauta puerum vīdit, “Hūc venī!” inquit. “Esne laetus quod Americae appropinquāmus?” rogāvit.

“Ita,” respondit puer. “Diū ab Americā āfuī et omnium terrārum America est mihi grātissima et cārissima. Gēns bona et magna est, et per omnēs terrās fāma eius est magna. Cīvis Americānus sum et gentem meam amō.”

“Cīvis Americānus nōn sum,” inquit nauta. “Britannus sum sed patriam tuam amō. Ōlim Britannī erant hostēs Americae et inter hās duās gentēs erat bellum longum. Sed hoc memoriā tenēre nōn bonum est.”

“Hoc sciō,” respondit Carolus. “Multī et fortēs mīlitēs multīs in proeliīs pugnābant et Britannī et Americānī. Pater mihi fābulās dē duce Americānō maximō nārrāvit. Hieme ubi mīlitēs perterritī erant et dēfessī quoque et hostēs multās rēs rapiēbant, hic dux mīlitēs parvīs nāvigiīs trāns flūmen portāvit. Illīs temporibus ducēs nōn erant ignāvī. Sīc semper magnās rēs faciēbant et sīc nōtī omnibus erant.”

Nunc nāvis magna in portū stābat. Prīmum eī quī in summā nāvī stābant amīcōs quī in terrā exspectābant salūtāvērunt. Signum dabātur. Deinde dē nāvī ad terram iērunt. Ubi per portās ambulāverant, tandem cum amīcīs omnēs laetē stābant.

[i] Give the nominative singular of the following nouns from the text:

duce

hieme

hominum

hostēs

lūce

nāvī

portū

proeliīs

temporibus

[ii] What case is used in all these words and phrases, and why is it being used?

hieme; illīs temporibus; prīmā lūce

[iii] What case is being used in both words in bold, and why is it being used?

aliīs imperābat; Americae appropinquāmus

[iv] Identify the cases of the words in bold and explain why those cases are being used:

(a) cum amīcīs omnēs laetē stābant

(b) omnium terrārum America est mihi grātissima

(c) nōtī omnibus erant

(d) per omnēs terrās

[v] What type of word is laetē?

[vi] Find from the text an example of:

(a) a perfect passive verb

(b) a pluperfect active verb

(c) an imperative verb

[vii] Label the clauses with their descriptions; 2 clauses are the same type

(a) ubi nauta puerum vīdit, …

(b) eī quī in summā nāvī stābant …

(c) … quod pater puerī erat nōtus eī

(d) … in quō nautae labōrābant

relative clause

subordinate clause of reason

subordinate clause of time

____________________

[i]

dux

hiems

homō

hostis

lūx

nāvis

portus

proelium

tempus

[ii] ablative; time when

[iii] both verbs are regularly followed by the dative case

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/verbs%20with%20the%20dative%20case

[iv]

(a) nominative (plural): subject of the sentence

(b) genitive (plural): relative superlative i.e. omnium terrārum … grātissima │ the most pleasing of all lands

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/10/051224-level-2-degrees-of-comparison-17.html

(c) dative (plural) with the adjective nōtus, -a, -um i.e. nōtī omnibus │ well-known to everybody

(d) accusative (plural) with the preposition per

[v] adverb

[vi]

(a) excitātus est

(b) ambulāverant

(c) venī

[vii]

(a) subordinate clause of time

(b) relative clause

https://adckl.blogspot.com/search/label/relative%20clauses%3B%20qui%20quae%20quod

(c) subordinate clause of reason

(d) relative clause


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