05.03.26: Level 1; Carolus et Maria [25][vi] future tense of 3rd / 3-iō / 4th conjugation verbs

[i] Images #1 and #2: In this series of posts you first saw the future tense here:

30.10.25: Level 1; Carolus et Maria [13][ii] Future tense

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2025/08/301025-level-1-carolus-et-maria-13ii.html

In that post the future tense of 1^st and  2^nd conjugation verbs was introduced, which have the very distinctive endings:

-bō, -bis, -bit, -bimus, -bitis, -bunt [-bō- / -bi- / -bu-]

portāb¦ō: I shall carry

portābi¦s: you (sg) will carry

portābi¦t: (s)he / it will carry

portābi¦mus: we will carry

portābi¦tis: you (pl) will carry

portābu¦nt: they will carry

[ii] Image #3: In this text there are two examples of the future tense of the 3^rd and 3^rd-iō conjugation – and the same endings apply to the 4^th conjugation

relinquō, -ere [3]: leave (behind)

Americānī Rōmam … relinquent │ The Americans will leave Rome

accipiō, -ere [3-iō]: receive

Quis hoc accipiet? │ Who will receive this?

The future tense endings for the 3rd, 3rd-iō and 4th conjugations are effectively the same:

-am

-ēs

-et

-ēmus

-ētis

-ent

(1) For 3rd conjugation verbs, remove the infinitive ending in its entirety:

mittō, mitt¦ere [3]: send > mitt¦-

Then add the endings:

mitt¦am, mittēs, mittet, mittēmus, mittētis, mittent

(2) In the 4th conjugation -re is removed from the infinitive, but the long /ī/ is shortened > /ĭ/:

audiō, audī¦re [4]: hear > audī¦- > audĭ¦-

Then add the same endings:

audiam, audiēs, audiet, audiēmus, audiētis, audient

(3) 3rd-iō verbs endings are exactly the same as the 4th conjugation:

capiō, capere [3-iō]: take

Remove the infinitive ending in its entirety:

cap¦- > add short /ĭ/: capi-

Then add the endings:

capiam, capiēs, capiet, capiēmus, capiētis, capient

07.04.24: future tense of 3rd, 3rd-iō and 4th conjugations

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/070424-future-tense-of-3rd-3rd-io-and_1.html

[iii] Compare 2 sentences from the text:

omnēs viam relinquunt [present tense] │ they all leave the road

Americānī Rōmam … relinquent [future tense] │ the Americans will leave Rome

Image #4: Unlike the future tense of the 1^st and 2^nd conjugation which are easy to recognise, the future and present tenses of the 3^rd / 3-iō / 4^th conjugations are very similar; the table shows the stems and endings to look out for

[iv] links

07.04.24: spotting the differences; present and future tenses of 3rd, 3-iō and 4th conjugation verbs

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/070424-spotting-differences-present-and.html

07.04.24: future tenses working together

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/070424-future-tenses-working-together.html

07.04.24: reading practice

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/070424-reading-practice.html

07.04.24: future tense in the Vulgate

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/070424-future-tense-in-vulgate.html

07.04.24: future tense; examples from the authors

https://adckl.blogspot.com/2024/05/070424-future-tense-examples-from.html