Lucius Junius Moderatus Columella, 1st century AD
Roman writer on agriculture: Dē rē rūsticā (12 books)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columella
https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/e/roman/texts/columella/de_re_rustica/1*.html
[1] Modus autem membrōrumque numerus aptētur ūniversō
cōnsaeptō et dīvidātur in trēs partēs, urbāna, rūsticam, frūctuāriam
The size of the villa and the number of its parts should be
proportioned to the whole enclosure, and it should be divided into three
groups: the villa urbana
[house in the city], the villa rustica [house in the country;
‘farmhouse’], and the villa
fructuaria [literally: pertaining to fruit; here: storehouse].
- cōnsaeptum, -ī [2/n]: enclosure; also: fence, hedge
- frūctuārius, -a, -um: (pertaining to) fruit; fruitful
- rūsticus, -a, -um: (pertaining to the) countryside; rural;
- urbānus, -a, -um: (pertaining to a) city
[2] Urbāna rūrsus in hībernācula
et aestīva sīc dīgerātur ut
spectent hiemālis
temporis cubicula brūmālem
orientem, cēnātiōnēs aequinoctiālem occidentem.
The manor house should be divided in turn into winter
apartments and summer apartments, in such a way that the winter
bedrooms [lit: of the winter season / time] may face the sunrise at
the winter, and the (winter) dining-room face
the sunset at the equinox.
[i]
aestīva (cubicula): winter bedrooms
brūmālis, -e:
winter; winter solstice
hībernaculum, -ī [2/n]: winter quarters
hiemālis, -e:
winter
[ii]
(1)
occidēns, -entis
[3/m]: sunset; west (or as participle: setting)
oriēns, -entis
[3/m]: sunrise (or as participle: rising)
(2)
ortus, -ūs [4/m]:
rising (of heavenly bodies)
obitus, -ūs
[4/m]: setting
occāsus, -ūs
[4/m]: setting
Sapientēs antīquī sōlis et lūnae reliquōrumque
sīderum ortūs, obitūs, mōtūsque cognōscere voluērunt.
The wise men of old wished to know the risings, settings,
and movements of the sun, the moon, and the other stars.
[3] Rūrsus
aestīva cubicula spectent merīdiem aequinoctiālem, sed cēnātiōnēs eiusdem temporis prōspectent hībernum orientem.
The summer bedrooms, on the other hand, should look toward
the midday sun at the time of the equinox, but
the dining-rooms of that season should look toward the rising sun
of winter.
[4] Balneāria occidentī aestīvō advertantur, ut sint post
merīdiem et usque in vesperum inlūstria.
The baths should face the setting sun of summer, that
they may be bright after midday and up to evening.
- inlūstris / illūstris, -e: bright, shining
[5] Ambulātiōnēs merīdiānō aequinoctiālī subiectae
sint, ut et hieme plūrimum sōlis
et aestāte
minimum recipiant.
The promenades should be exposed to the midday sun at the
equinox, so as to receive both the maximum of sun in winter and the
minimum in summer.
- ambulātiō, -iōnis [3/f]: [i] a walk / stroll; [ii] a place for walking, promenade
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