This text reviews
indirect statement by first presenting the information as direct speech [A] and
then showing how this is changed to indirect statement / reported speech in [B]
Vocabulary
coniūrātiō,
coniūrātiōnis [3/f]: [i] conspiracy [ii] (here) alliance, league
dēferō, dēferre,
dētulī, dēlātus: to carry down; report
difficultās,
difficultātis [3/f]: difficulty, trouble
fortitūdō,
fortitūdinis [3/f]: bravery, courage
nātūra, -ae [1/f]:
nature, character
- nātūra locī: natural features; topography
nōbilitās,
nōbilitātis [3/f]: nobility, the nobles
ōrātiō, ōrātiōnis
[3/f]: speech
- ōrātiōnem habēre: to make a speech
prīncipātus,
-ūs [4/m]: leadership; supremacy; the
first place
quondam: formerly,
once
sine dubiō:
doubtless
spērō, -āre, -āvī,
-ātus [1]: to hope, expect
DĒ ORGETORĪGE I
Apud Helvētiōs
Orgetorīx est prīnceps longē nōbilissimus et potentissimus. Is, rēgnī
cupiditāte adductus, coniūrātiōnem nōbilitātis facit. Cuius coniūrātiōnis dux
esse vult. Ad nōbilēs hanc ōrātiōnem habet:
[A] "Cīvitās
Helvētia, nostra patria, locī nātūrā continētur. Helvētiī undique flūminibus
montibusque continentur. Helvētiī, hominēs maximae audāciae, sunt bellī cupidī,
sed propter angustōs fīnēs fīnitimīs bellum nōn facile īnferre possunt. Glōria
bellī et fortitūdinis quondam fuit maxima sed mox minima erit. Helvētiī sine
difficultāte dē fīnibus suīs exīre et lātiōrēs fīnēs petere possunt. Sīc fīnēs
sibi magis idōneōs obtinēbunt."
"Rōmānī autem
magnam partem Galliae iam superāvērunt. Prīncipātum tōtīus Galliae obtinēre
volunt. Rōmānī fortasse ab itinere nōs prohibēre temptābunt. Multae nātiōnēs
autem ab Helvētiīs vīctae sunt. Exercitus Rōmānus quidem ab eīs quondam victus
est. Sine dubiō cōpiae Helvētiōrum eum iterum vincent."
[A] What Orgetorix
actually says i.e. direct statement / direct speech
(1) “Cīvitās
Helvētia, nostra patria, locī nātūrā continētur.
(2) Helvētiī
undique flūminibus montibusque continentur.
(3) Helvētiī,
hominēs maximae audāciae, sunt bellī cupidī, sed (4) propter angustōs
fīnēs fīnitimīs bellum nōn facile īnferre possunt.
(5) Glōria
bellī et fortitūdinis quondam fuit maxima sed (6) mox minima erit.
(7) Helvētiī
sine difficultāte dē fīnibus suīs exīre et lātiōrēs finēs petere possunt.
(8) Sīc fīnēs
sibi magis idōneōs obtinēbunt.
(9) Rōmānī
autem magnam partem Galliae iam superāvērunt.
(10) Prīncipātum
tōtīus Galliae obtinēre volunt.
(11) Rōmānī
fortasse ab itinere nōs prohibēre temptābunt.
(12) Multae
nātiōnēs autem ab Helvetiīs victae sunt.
(13) Exercitus
Rōmānus quidem ab eīs quondam victus est.
(14) Sine dubiō
cōpiae Helvētiōrum eum iterum vincent.”
[1]
Which of the
direct statements (1) – (14) above refers to:
_____ a great part
of Gaul already conquered
_____ eager for
war
_____ former glory
in war
_____ glory will
soon be very small
_____ hope for
Helvetian victory
_____ inability to
make war easily
_____ limited /
contained by natural features
_____ many nations
conquered
_____ obtaining
leadership / supremacy of all Gaul
_____ obtaining
more suitable territories
_____ possible
attempts to prevent the journey
_____ Roman army
once conquered
_____ seeking
wider territory
_____ surrounded
by rivers and mountains
Alius Helvētius,
frāter Orgetorīgis, Rōmānīs amīcus, hanc ōrātiōnem audit et Caesarī dēfert:
[B] Orgetorīx
dīcit cīvitātem Helvētiam locī nātūrā continērī. Dēmōnstrat Helvētiōs undique
flūminibus et montibus continērī. Cōnfirmat Helvētiōs, hominēs maximae
audāciae, bellī esse cupidōs sed propter angustōs fīnēs fīnitimīs bellum nōn
facile īnferre posse. Nōbilibus nostrīs nārrat eōrum glōriam bellī et
fortitūdinis fuisse maximam sed mox futūram esse minimam. Putat Helvētiōs sine
difficultāte dē fīnibus suīs exīre et fīnēs lātiōrēs petere posse; sīc sibi
fīnēs magis idōneōs obtentūrōs esse. Dīcit Rōmānōs ipsōs magnam partem Galliae
iam superāvisse et prīncipātum tōtīus Galliae obtinēre velle. Putat Rōmānōs
fortasse eōs ab itinere prohibēre temptātūrōs esse. Scit autem multās nātiōnēs
ab Helvētiīs vīctās esse et exercitum Rōmānum quidem ab eīs quondam vīctum
esse. Spērat cōpiās Helvētiōrum Rōmānōs iterum victūrās esse.
[B] What Orgetorix
is reported as saying i.e. indirect statement / reported speech
Orgetorīx dīcit
¦ cīvitātem Helvētiam locī nātūrā continēri.
Dēmōnstrat ¦ Helvētiōs undique flūminibus et
montibus continērī.
Cōnfirmat ¦ Helvētiōs, hominēs maximae
audāciae, bellī esse cupidōs sed propter angustōs fīnēs fīnitimīs
bellum nōn facile īnferre posse.
Nōbilibus nostrīs nārrat
¦ eōrum glōriam bellī et fortitūdinis fuisse maximam
sed mox futūram esse minimam.
Putat ¦ Helvētiōs sine difficultāte dē
fīnibus suīs exīre et fīnēs lātiōrēs petere posse; sīc sibi fīnēs magis
idōneōs obtentūrōs esse.
Dīcit ¦ Rōmānōs ipsōs magnam
partem Galliae iam superāvisse et prīncipātum tōtius Galliae obtinēre velle.
Putat ¦ Rōmānōs fortasse eōs ab itinere
prohibēre temptātūrōs esse.
Scit ¦ autem multās nātiōnēs ab
Helvētiīs victās esse et exercitum Rōmānum quidem ab eīs
quondam victum esse.
Spērat ¦ cōpiās Helvētiōrum Rōmānōs iterum
victūrās esse.
[B]
[1] Find the
Latin:
[i] he asserts
[ii] he hopes
[iii] he knows
[iv] he says
[v] he shows
[vi] he tells /
recounts
[vii] he thinks
[2] Put the
following infinitives under the appropriate heading of:
(a) present active
(b) perfect active
(c) future active
(d) present
passive
(e) perfect
passive
continēri
esse
fuisse
futūram esse
obtentūrōs esse
posse
superāvisse
temptātūrōs esse
velle
victās esse
victum esse
victūrās esse
[3] Underline the subject accusative of the following indirect statements:
[i] Orgetorīx
dīcit cīvitātem Helvētiam locī nātūrā continēri.
[ii] Dēmōnstrat
Helvētiōs undique flūminibus et montibus continērī.
[iii] Nōbilibus
nostrīs nārrat eōrum glōriam bellī et fortitūdinis fuisse maximam
[iv] Dīcit Rōmānōs
ipsōs magnam partem Galliae iam superāvisse
[v] 2 subject
accusatives: Scit autem multās nātiōnēs ab Helvētiīs victās esse et exercitum
Rōmānum quidem ab eīs quondam victum esse.
[vi] Spērat cōpiās
Helvētiōrum Rōmānōs iterum victūrās esse.
____________________
[A]
[1]
a
great part of Gaul already conquered (9)
eager
for war (3)
former
glory in war (5)
glory
will soon be very small (6)
hope
for Helvetian victory (14)
inability
to make war easily (4)
limited
by natural features (1)
many
nations conquered (12)
obtaining
leadership / supremacy of all Gaul (10)
obtaining
more suitable territories (8)
possible
attempts to prevent the journey (11)
Roman
army once conquered (13)
seeking
wider territory (7)
surrounded
by rivers and mountains (2)
[B]
[1]
[i]
he confirms: cōnfirmat
[ii]
he hopes: spērat
[iii]
he knows: scit
[iv]
he says: dīcit
[v]
he shows: dēmōnstrat
[vi]
he tells / recounts: nārrat
[vii]
he thinks: putat
[2]
[3]
[i]
Orgetorīx dīcit cīvitātem Helvētiam locī nātūrā continēri.
[ii]
Dēmōnstrat Helvētiōs undique flūminibus et montibus continērī.
[iii]
Nōbilibus nostrīs nārrat eōrum glōriam bellī et fortitūdinis fuisse
maximam
[iv]
Dīcit Rōmānōs ipsōs magnam partem Galliae iam superāvisse
[v]
Scit autem (1) multās nātiōnēs ab Helvētiīs victās esse et (2) exercitum
Rōmānum quidem ab eīs quondam victum esse.
[vi]
Spērat cōpiās Helvētiōrum Rōmānōs iterum victūrās esse.
Translation
of [B]
Orgetorix
says that the Helvetian state is confined by natural features.
He
shows that the Helvetians are surrounded on all sides by rivers and mountains.
He
asserts that the Helvetians—people of the greatest boldness—are eager for war,
but because of their narrow borders they are not able to wage war easily on
their neighbours.
He
tells our nobles that their glory of war and bravery had once been very great,
but soon will be very small.
He
thinks that the Helvetians can, without difficulty, depart from their own
borders and seek wider territories; and thus they will obtain territories more
suitable for themselves.
He
says that the Romans themselves have already conquered a large part of Gaul and
wish to obtain the leadership of all Gaul.
He
thinks that the Romans will perhaps try to prevent them from their journey.
He
knows, however, that many nations have been conquered by the Helvetians and
that the Roman army indeed was once defeated by them.
He hopes that the forces of the Helvetians will defeat the Romans again.
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