Sunday, January 18, 2026

01.04.26: Level 1 (review); presentation; adjectives [1]; colours

07.03.24: painting the walls in Pompeii

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/403113575633250/

07.03.24: colour adjectives

Quō colōre est?

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/403219105622697/

07.03.24: dyeing your hair – Mediaeval style

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/403378772273397/

07.03.24: describing colours

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/403309285613679/

15.07.24: level 1; adjectives [2]; colour

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/475373331740607

15.07.24: follow-up on the post on colour adjectives

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/479626981315242/

Go into any DIY store, ask for a tin of green paint and you’ll be faced with a staggering range of options and a frustrated shop assistant! The Romans didn’t have quite as vast a choice, but if you type any of the Latin colours into the Wiktionary search engine, for example https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/albus then you will see at the end of the page a very detailed list of all possible colours.

Like us, the Romans interpreted colours in different ways, and it is not always possible to get a 100% ‘colour match’, but below are the ones that I think would be most useful. Some of them, especially the brown and the yellow, are difficult to pin down to exact equivalents, and Roman authors may use them without ever giving a clear picture of what they have in mind.

“The vagueness of Latin color terms is due to the origin of colors out of dyestuff and pigments. The colors of minerals vary, and dyes produce different effects according to the mode of preparation and the materials dyed. Their applications have to be guessed from literary sources, which for the most part are incidental and vague. Color names used by poets tend to be applied metaphorically or indefinitely.” (Traupman)

[i]

albus, alba, album: the general word for white; ‘matt’ white (e.g. white paint on a plaster wall)

candidus, candida, candidum: ‘gloss’ white; shining white; ‘canditates’ < candidātī, the great and the good strutting their stuff around Rome clothed in shining white, urine-laundered togas who are up for election!

18.07.24: level 1; bright white (and purple) politicians

https://www.facebook.com/groups/latinforstarters/posts/475894441688496/

[ii]

caeruleus, caerulea, caeruleum: blue, but referred to the sky or the blue-green colour of the sea; English derivative: cerulean or caerulean a hue of blue ranging from a light azure blue to a more intense sky blue 

[iii] A superb example of the subtlety of colour in English is in the Sondheim musical “Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street”:

“I must make you into a credible wigmaker—and quickly. 

There's tawny, and there's golden saffron

There's flaxen, and there's blonde

There's coarse and fine

There's straight and curly

There's gray, there's white

There's ash, there's pearly

There's corn-yellow

Buff and ochre and

Straw and apricot...

(1)

cānus, cāna, cānum: grey (of hair)

cinereus, cinerea, cinereum: grey; ashen-colour

(2)

aureus, aurea, aureum: gold(en); gold-coloured; made of gold

flāvus, flāva, flāvum: (bright) yellow

lūteus, lūtea, lūteum: yellow; saffron-coloured

fuscus, fusca, fuscum: ‘dark’; swarthy (of complexion); brown

bruneus, brunea, bruneum (Late / Mediaeval): brown

castaneus, castanea, castaneum: chesnut brown

(3)

rutilus, rutilus, rutilus: red; red (of hair)

rūfus, rūfa, rūfum: red (of hair); ruddy (complexion)

ruber, rubra, rubrum: red (the red of ochre); ruddy

[iv]

purpureus, purpurea, purpureum: purple; see the link above ‘bright white (and purple) politicians’

[v]

roseus, rosea, roseum: pink

[vi]

prasinus, prasina, prasinum: leek green; light green

viridis, viride:  green (see the next post)

[vii]

āter, ātra, ātrum: ‘matt’ black; dull black

niger, nigra, nigrum: ‘gloss’ black; shining black

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